Testicular weight deficits, altered variables of antioxidant defense system, spermatogenesis impairment, and inflammation induced by busulfan injection are ameliorated by gallic acid administration in rats.

This study evaluated the long-term protective effect of gallic acid (GAL) against testicular lesions induced by busulfan (BUSLF) in Wistar rats. Thirty (30) male rats weighing 60-70 g were randomized into three groups of ten in each group: control (2 ml kg body weight (b.w) olive oil), BUSLF (10 mg kg b.

Iron Administration Partially Ameliorates Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Damage in the Liver and Kidney of Rats.

The protective effect of Fe against Cd-induced toxicity in the liver and kidney of rats during concurrent administration of both metals was investigated in this study. Fifty female rats (130-150 g) were distributed into five groups of 10 rats each ( = 10): Group I (control), received normal saline solution; Group II (1.2 mg CdCl/kg b.

Acute effects of atrazine on the immunoexpressions of sertoli and germ cells molecular markers, cytokines, chemokines, and sex hormones levels in mice testes and epididymides.

Atrazine is currently one of the most commonly used agrochemicals in the United States and elsewhere. Here, we studied the immunoexpression of molecular markers of mammalian testicular functions: androgen receptor (AR), promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF), GDNF family receptor alpha-1 (GFRA1), VASA/DDX4 (DEAD-Box Helicase 4) as well as the levels of intratesticular and intra-epididymal estradiol (E2) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6, IL-10) and testicular chemokines (CXCL-1, CCL-2 and CCL3) in BalB/c mice after a sub-acute gavage treatment with a gonado-toxin, atrazine (50 mg/kg body wt.) for three days.

Effect of co-administration of gallic acid and quercetin or gallic acid and rutin on impaired spermatogenesis and oxidative damage in a busulfan-treated rat model.

Gallic acid (GAL), rutin (RUT), and quercetin (QUE) are common antioxidant agents in fruits and vegetables with intriguing pharmacological effects. In the present study, we compared the therapeutic outcomes of GAL + QUE in comparison with GAL + RUT co-treatment in a busulfan (BUS) model of testicular injury in Wistar rats. BUS (4 mg kg body weight (b.

Ascorbic acid attenuates gasoline-induced testicular toxicity, sperm quality deterioration, and testosterone imbalance in rats.

The present study evaluated the protective effect of ascorbic acid (ASCB) against gasoline fumes (PET) induced testicular oxidative stress, sperm toxicity, and testosterone imbalance in Wistar rats. Twenty-four (24) male albino rats (75 ± 16 g) were randomized into three experimental groups ( = 8). The control group: received normal saline, PET group: exposed to PET 6 h daily by inhalation in an exposure chamber and PET + 200 mg ASCB/kg body weight group: exposed to PET 6 h daily by inhalation and administered ASCB .

Influence of triazines and lipopolysaccharide coexposure on inflammatory response and histopathological changes in the testis and liver of BalB/c mice.

Background: Triazines are environmental active chemicals that have been reported to alter the inflammatory status of the gonads. We tested the anti-inflammatory effect of the triazines (atrazine; ATZ, simazine; SMZ and cyanazine; CYZ) on the testis and compared it with the more classical liver model that has substantial populations of resident macrophages comparable to the testis.

Methods: BalB/c mice were treated with 25 mg/kg ATZ, SMZ and CYZ for 30 days and injected with lipopolysaccharide (0.

Atrazine: cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, testicular effects and chemopreventive Interventions.

Atrazine (ATZ) is an environmental pollutant that interferes with several aspects of mammalian cellular processes including germ cell development, immunological, reproductive and neurological functions. At the level of human exposure, ATZ reduces sperm count and contribute to infertility in men. ATZ also induces morphological changes similar to apoptosis and initiates mitochondria-dependent cell death in several experimental models.

Fluted pumpkin seeds protect the spermatogenesis score index and testicular histology of caffeine treated rats.

The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of fluted pumpkin seeds (FPS) against caffeine (CAFF) induced testicular toxicity in rats. Thirty young healthy male Wistar rats (196 ± 12 g) were randomly organized into five sets of six animals per each group: control, caffeine (CAFF; 50 mg kg bw) and FPS co-treatment groups (CAFF + 50 mg FPS, CAFF + 100 mg FPS and CAFF + 200 mg FPS kg  bw). CAFF and FPS were administered daily and twice per week respectively by oral gavage for 40 days.

Oral antiviral treatments for COVID-19: opportunities and challenges.

The use of antiviral COVID-19 medications can successfully inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication and prevent disease progression to a more severe form. However, the timing of antiviral treatment plays a crucial role in this regard. Oral antiviral drugs provide an opportunity to manage SARS-CoV-2 infection without a need for hospital admission, easing the general burden that COVID-19 can have on the healthcare system.

Curcumin improves the protective effects of quercetin against atrazine-induced testicular injury in adult Wistar rats.

This study evaluated the beneficial protective effect of cotreatment of curcumin (CUR) and quercetin (QUE) on atrazine (ATZ)-induced testicular toxicity in rats. ATZ challenge diminished luteinizing hormone, follicular stimulating hormone, testosterone and myeloperoxidase enzyme activity, but these effects were attenuated on co-treatment with CUR and QUE. Also, co-treatment of CUR + QUE was better than separate administration of QUE at diminishing malondialdehyde and glutathione and improving tumour necrosis factor-α concentration, germ cell numbers (spermatogonia, spermatocytes and round spermatids) and epididymal sperm quality.

COVID-19 vaccinations: The unknowns, challenges, and hopes.

The entire world has been suffering from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic since March 11, 2020. More than a year later, the COVID-19 vaccination brought hope to control this viral pandemic. Here, we review the unknowns of the COVID-19 vaccination, such as its longevity, asymptomatic spread, long-term side effects, and its efficacy on immunocompromised patients.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory protective effects of rutin and kolaviron against busulfan-induced testicular injuries in rats.

There are few treatment options, including the use of natural phenolics-based combination therapy for mitigating male infertility conditions associated with chemotherapy. Busulfan is an anti-cancer drug that leads to testicular problems in humans. Here, we studied the effect of co-treatment of rutin and kolaviron against busulfan-induced testis damage.

Atrazine impairs testicular function in BalB/c mice by affecting Leydig cells.

Several studies have reported the effects of atrazine on the gonads of many experimental models. However, the short-term effects of in vivo exposure to atrazine on the testes of mice are not well clarified. Here we reported that adult BalB/c mice exposed to atrazine (50 mg kg body weight) by gavage for three consecutive days have reduced numbers of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase positive Leydig cells (LCs), associated with increased in situ cell death fluorescence and caspase-3 immuno-expression in the testes.

Gallic acid ameliorates busulfan-induced testicular toxicity and damage in mature rats.

Here, we studied the protective effect of gallic acid (GAL) as a potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent against damage caused by busulfan (BUS) in the testes of adult rats. The adult Wistar rats were assigned as control, BUS: was intraperitoneally () treated with busulfan (15mg/kg, day 7 and 14), GAL + BUS: was co-treated with busulfan ( 15mg/kg, day 7 and 14) and orally treated ( with gallic acid (60days, 20mg/kg) and GAL: was treated with gallic acid (, 60days, 20mg/kg). The results showed that GAL co-treatment increased the numbers of spermatogonia (Type A and B), spermatocytes (primary and secondary) and round spermatids, along with the tubular diameter, epithelial height and gonado-somatic index.

Antifertility and profertility effects of the leaves and seeds of fluted pumpkin: Sperm quality, hormonal effects and histomorphological changes in the testes of experimental animal models.

Fluted pumpkin (FP; Telfairia occidentalis) is an edible vegetable, grown in West Africa, that is used in traditional medicine for its regulatory effects on the male gonads. Scientific articles concerning the effects of FP were identified by searching PubMed, PubChem, Scopus, Springer, ResearchGate, Google Scholar and Web of Science; this literature was to better understand the effects of FP seed (FPS) and leaf (FPL) extracts on the testes. Data showed that in experimental animals extracts of FPL and FPS at 1/100 of the lethal dose promoted testis regeneration and improved testosterone concentration and sperm quality, while at higher doses they had antifertility effects.

International Efforts to Save Healthcare Personnel during COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global challenge. Several governments of the world have decided to take drastic actions in order to combat the spread of the disease, including the closing of air, maritime and land borders, as an extreme measure of isolation of each country/region. However, such measures had not prevented the disease from spreading globally; as COVID-19 has already spread in almost all countries.

Evaluation of the protective effects of quercetin and gallic acid against oxidative toxicity in rat's kidney and HEK-293 cells.

Quercetin and gallic acid are phytochemicals with interesting pharmacological properties. We herein investigated the protective effect of quercetin (QUE) in comparison with gallic acid (GAL) against exogenously-induced oxidative damage in rats' kidney and human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cell lines. Adult Wistar rats were treated with QUE and GAL (50 mg/kg) separately or in combination with di-n-butylphthalate (DnBP) for 14 days; and HEK-293 cells were treated with different concentrations of GAL (25-294 μM) or QUE (2-17 μM or 28-165.

The protective effect of rutin against busulfan-induced testicular damage in adult rats.

Here, we studied the protective effect of rutin (RUT) against testicular damage caused by busulfan (BUS) in rats. Adult male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with BUS (4 mg/kg body weight at day 7 and 14), and then treated with RUT (30 mg/kg body weight) by gavage thrice weekly for 60 days. The results showed that BUS-induced increase in 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) was significantly decreased by RUT, whereas 17β-HSD activity and plasma testosterone concentration remained unaffected ( > 0.

Effect of Anthocleista djalonensis A. Chev Root Extract on Testis of Matured Rats.

Objective: To investigate the effects of different extracts of Anthocleista djalonensis on the testis and epididymal sperms of rats.

Methods: Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 10 groups (n=5 in each group) and orally treated with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight each of methanol, aqueous ethanol (H-EtOH) and chloroform extracts of A. djalonensis.

The protective effect of fluted pumpkin seeds against atrazine-induced testicular injury.

The present study evaluated the protective effect of fluted pumpkin seeds (FPS) on atrazine (ATZ)-induced testicular damage. Twenty adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of five animals each. The control animals (Group A) received corn oil (2 mL/kg body weight), Group B animals received 50 mg ATZ/kg body weight by gavage, while Groups C and D received 50 mg ATZ/kg body weight once a week in addition to the gavage of 25 mg FPS/kg body weight and 50 mg FPS/kg body weight respectively for 60 days.

Morphometric Evaluation of the Seminiferous Tubules and the Antioxidant Protective Effects of Gallic Acid and Quercetin in the Testis and Liver of Butyl Phthalate Treated Rats.

The antioxidant protective effects of gallic acid (GAL) and quercetin (QUE) against oxidative stress induced by di-butyl phthalate (DnBP) in the liver and testis of rats were evaluated in this study. Adult albino Wistar rats (180-225 g) were treated with QUE or GAL (50 mg/kg) alone or in combination with DnBP (1 mL/kg) for 15 days. After treatment, tissue samples were taken for determination of glutathione and malondialdehyde levels, and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities.