Advancing the early detection of canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome with machine learning-enhanced blood-based biomarkers.

Up to half of the senior dogs suffer from canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CCDS), the diagnosis method relies on subjective questionnaires such as canine cognitive dysfunction rating (CCDR) scores. Therefore, the necessity of objective diagnosis is emerging. Here, we developed blood-based biomarkers for CCDS early detection.

Effects of Saffron Extract (Affron) with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis and Stress Resilience in Chronic Mild Stress-Induced Depression in Wistar Rats.

Stress-related symptoms are a global concern, impacting millions of individuals, yet effective and safe treatments remain scarce. Although multiple studies have highlighted the stress- alleviating properties of saffron extract, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study employs the unpredictable chronic mild stress (CMS) animal model to investigate the impact of a standardized saffron extract, Affron (AFN), on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulation and neuroplasticity in Wistar rats following repeated oral administration.

NOX4 as a critical effector mediating neuroinflammatory cytokines, myeloperoxidase and osteopontin, specifically in astrocytes in the hippocampus in Parkinson's disease.

Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction have been believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of aging and neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). The excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases with age and causes a redox imbalance, which contributes to the neurotoxicity of PD. Accumulating evidence suggests that NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived ROS, especially NOX4, belong to the NOX family and is one of the major isoforms expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), associated with the progression of PD.

Reduction of fetuin-A levels contributes to impairment of Purkinje cells in cerebella of patients with Parkinson's disease.

Phenotypic features such as ataxia and loss of motor function, which are characteristics of Parkinson's disease (PD), are expected to be very closely related to cerebellum function. However, few studies have reported the function of the cerebellum. Since the cerebellum, like the cerebrum, is known to undergo functional and morphological changes due to neuroinflammatory processes, elucidating key functional factors that regulate neuroinflammation in the cerebellum can be a beneficial therapeutic approach.

Respiratory Safety Evaluation in Mice and Inhibition of Adenoviral Amplification in Human Bronchial Endothelial Cells Using a Novel Type of Chlorine Dioxide Gas Reactor.

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a growing demand for effective and safe disinfectants. A novel use of chlorine dioxide (ClO) gas, which can satisfy such demand, has been reported. However, its efficacy and safety remain unclear.

NOX4 promotes ferroptosis of astrocytes by oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation via the impairment of mitochondrial metabolism in Alzheimer's diseases.

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neurotoxicity during AD. Impaired mitochondrial metabolism has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in brain damage of AD.

Elevated CLOCK and BMAL1 Contribute to the Impairment of Aerobic Glycolysis from Astrocytes in Alzheimer's Disease.

Altered glucose metabolism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aerobic glycolysis from astrocytes is a critical metabolic pathway for brain energy metabolism. Disturbances of circadian rhythm have been associated with AD.

Sleep-inducing effect of extract by single and repeated oral administration in rodent animals.

Social cost of insomnia in modern society is gradually increasing. Due to various social phenomena and lifestyles that take away the opportunity of good quality of sleep, problems of insomnia cannot be easily figured out. Prescription of sleeping pills for insomnia patients can cause other inconveniences due to their side effects beyond their intended purposes.

In vivo tumor imaging using polo-box domain of polo-like kinase 1 targeted peptide.

Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is a regulator of cell cycle progression during mitosis; it is overexpressed in many different tumors and has been implicated as a potential antimitotic target. Plks are characterized by the presence of a highly conserved C-terminal polo-box domain (PBD) that is involved in regulating kinase activity. The phosphopeptide Pro-Leu-His-Ser-p-Thr (PLHSpT) is a potent selective inhibitor of the PBD of human plk1 that acts by inducing mitotic arrest and apoptotic cell death in cancer cells.

Nano self-assembly of recombinant human gelatin conjugated with α-tocopheryl succinate for Hsp90 inhibitor, 17-AAG, delivery.

A wide variety of drug delivery systems have been developed for the delivery of anticancer agents. One of the most frequently used natural biomaterials in drug delivery systems is polysaccharides; however, they are difficult to digest and to eliminate from the body after systemic administration due to their high molecular weight natures and the absence of degrading enzymes. Therefore, the development of degradable and eliminable natural biomaterials is critical for successful in vivo applications.

Poly(oligo-D-arginine) with internal disulfide linkages as a cytoplasm-sensitive carrier for siRNA delivery.

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has emerged as a therapeutic strategy for various diseases due to its target-specific gene silencing; however, its relatively high molecular weight, negative charge, and low stability hamper in vitro and in vivo applications. Approaches to overcome those drawbacks have relied on nonviral siRNA carriers based on cationic polymers or peptides. Nevertheless, cationic polymer-based siRNA carriers have yet to resolve intrinsic problems such as cytotoxicity and immunogenicity.