Root development differences between cleft-adjacent teeth on the cleft side in comparison to their analogs on the noncleft side in patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate who received secondary alveolar bone grafting.

Objective: To assess differences in root development between the cleft side (CS) and noncleft side (NCS) for permanent maxillary central incisor and canine longitudinally in patients with nonsyndromic complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (cUCLP) who received secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) and to evaluate the effects of SABG on the acceleration of root development of these teeth.

Materials And Methods: Permanent maxillary central incisors and canines of 44 subjects with nonsyndromic cUCLP who had all their cleft-related surgeries performed by the same surgeon were analyzed retrospectively from chart notes and radiographs. Panoramic and periapical radiographs at time point 1 (T1) (age, 7.

Association of Site-specific Tooth Absence with Severity of Oral Health-related Quality of Life Impacts in Girls Having Nonsyndromic Oligodontia.

Purpose: The purpose of this cross-sectional observational investigation was to explore associations of site-specific tooth absences (SSTA, edentate sites resulting from dental agenesis where no primary or permanent teeth exist at the sites of permanent tooth agenesis) with the severity of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) impacts in girls having nonsyndromic oligodontia.

Methods: Data collected from 22 girls (mean aged 12.0±2.

Eruption path of permanent maxillary canines after secondary alveolar bone graft in patients with nonsyndromic complete unilateral cleft lip and palate.

Introduction: Successful eruption of the maxillary canine after secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) improves dentoalveolar outcomes in the final occlusal rehabilitation of patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP). We aimed to study eruptive positions of the maxillary canine in CLP post-SABG.

Methods: This retrospective longitudinal study included 27 patients with complete unilateral CLP who received standardized SABG from the same surgeon.

The Impact of Fan-Type Rapid Palatal Expanders on Speech in Patients With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate.

Rapid palatal expanders (RPEs) are commonly used in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) prior to secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG). Their position and size can impede tongue movement and affect speech. This study assessed changes in perception and production of speech over the course of RPE treatment.

Efficacy and safety of different interventions to accelerate maxillary canine retraction following premolar extraction: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Decreasing orthodontic treatment duration is at the forefront of innovation for clinical orthodontics. This network meta-analysis aimed to determine the relative efficacy and safety of treatments for accelerated orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in patients undergoing extraction of maxillary first premolars followed by canine retraction in any orthodontic setting. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL and SCOPUS were searched (from inception to 20 April 2020).

A Retrospective Longitudinal Treatment Review of Multidisciplinary Interventions in Nonsyndromic Robin Sequence With Cleft Palate.

Objective: To document and analyze the overall longitudinal institutional treatment experience of children with nonsyndromic Robin sequence (RS) from infancy to early adulthood.

Design: Retrospective longitudinal treatment review.

Setting: A tertiary-care, referral, teaching hospital.

Clinical orthodontic management during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: To provide a comprehensive summary of the implications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on orthodontic treatment, contingency management, and provision of emergency orthodontic treatment, using currently available data and literature.

Materials And Methods: Orthodontically relevant sources of information were searched using electronic databases including PubMed and Google Scholar and current reports from major health bodies such as Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization, National Institutes of Health, and major national orthodontic associations.

Results: Where available, peer-reviewed and more recent publications were given priority.

Infective endocarditis and orthodontic implications in children: A review of the literature.

Introduction: Owing to access to high-quality medical care, more medically compromised patients are seeking orthodontic therapy, including those at risk of developing infective endocarditis (IE). The current guidelines for orthodontic therapy and IE are few. The objective of this review is to provide an evidence-based update on the relationship between orthodontic procedures and IE in children.

Anterior open bite due to idiopathic condylar resorption during orthodontic retention of a Class II Division 1 malocclusion.

A common dilemma when treating anterior open bite is understanding its etiology. Idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR) can cause open bite in affected individuals. Although it is prudent to not treat patients with ICR until active resorption has ceased, orthodontists may begin treating them because anterior open bite from ICR may not appear before or during their orthodontic treatment.

Impacts of oligodontia on oral health-related quality of life reported by affected children and their parents.

Background: Oligodontia (agenesis of six or more permanent teeth) affects functional, emotional, and social aspects of an individual's life. Few published studies have evaluated oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children with oligodontia and very limited have compared the child and parental perceptions.

Methods: Thirty-five 8- to 18-year-old patients with oligodontia (10 M, 25 F; mean age: 12.

Permanent maxillary central incisor and first molar rotations in the mixed dentition in repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate and their relationship with absence of teeth in their vicinity.

Objectives: To describe qualitatively and quantitatively the directions and magnitudes of rotations of permanent maxillary central incisors and first molars in the mixed dentition in repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and study their associations with absence of teeth in their vicinity.

Materials And Methods: Dental casts and orthodontic records taken prior to orthodontic preparation for alveolar bone grafting of 74 children with repaired UCLP (53 male, 21 female; aged 8.9 ± 1.

Effects of orthodontic appliances on the diagnostic quality of magnetic resonance images of the head.

Introduction: The influence of 4 commonly used fixed orthodontic appliances on artifact formation and diagnostic quality of magnetic resonance (MR) images of the head produced by a 3-T MR scanner was studied.

Methods: Stainless steel brackets, ceramic brackets, combination of ceramic brackets and steel molar tubes, and multistranded steel mandibular lingual retainers were embedded into custom-made trays for each of 10 adult subjects. Head MR scans of 9 regions were acquired for each subject wearing these trays.

Incisor and molar overjet, arch contraction, and molar relationship in the mixed dentition in repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate: A qualitative and quantitative appraisal.

Objective: To compare the mixed dentition incisor and molar overjet, severity of contraction of the dental arch, and the sagittal molar relationship on the cleft side vs the noncleft side in children with repaired complete unilateral cleft of the lip and palate (UCLP).

Materials And Methods: Orthodontic records taken prior to orthodontic preparation for alveolar bone grafting were screened to select study casts from patients with nonsyndromic repaired complete UCLP who did not have mandibular skeletal or dental asymmetry. The study sample comprised dental casts from 74 children aged 8.

Best Practices for the Diagnosis and Evaluation of Infants With Robin Sequence: A Clinical Consensus Report.

Importance: Robin sequence (RS) is a congenital condition characterized by micrognathia, glossoptosis, and upper airway obstruction. Currently, no consensus exists regarding the diagnosis and evaluation of children with RS. An international, multidisciplinary consensus group was formed to begin to overcome this limitation.

Soft-tissue profile growth in patients with repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate: A cephalometric comparison with normal controls at ages 7, 11, and 18 years.

Introduction: In this retrospective longitudinal study, we aimed to study differences in the soft-tissue profiles in growing children with clefts in comparison with controls through the period of facial growth from 7 to 18 years.

Methods: Lateral cephalometric measurements made at 7 years (T1), 11.1 years (T2), and 17.

Increase in sagittal depth of the bony nasopharynx following maxillary protraction in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate.

Objective : To study the change in the sagittal depth of the bony nasopharynx in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), following maxillary protraction using reverse headgear. Methods : Nineteen patients (14 male, five female; aged 9.36 ± 2.

Longitudinal comparison of skeletal age determined by the Greulich and Pyle method and chronologic age in normally growing children, and clinical interpretations for orthodontics.

Introduction: Coinciding treatment with periods of accelerated skeletal growth and maturation might be advantageous in clinical practice. Better understanding of the concordance between skeletal and chronologic ages during the period that children frequently receive orthodontic treatment is needed. The literature on skeletal age determination from hand-wrist radiographs lacks reports based on longitudinal data, creating lacunae in the understanding of the magnitudes and variations of differences between skeletal and chronologic ages.

Presurgical presentation of columellar features, nostril anatomy, and alveolar alignment in bilateral cleft lip and palate after infant orthopedics with and without nasoalveolar molding.

Objectives: (1) To evaluate quantitative differences in presurgical presentations of alveolar alignment and nostril anatomy of infants with BCLP treated with nasoalveolar molding (NAM) from those treated with maxillary infant orthopedics only (IO) and (2) to detect interrelationships between presurgical nasoalveolar anatomy, age at lip surgery, age of commencing, and durations of alveolar and nasal molding.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on nasal-alveolar measurements and presurgical treatment records of infants with BCLP who received lip repair by a single surgeon in a tertiary-care, referral teaching hospital consecutively from 2000 to 2009 after undergoing NAM (n  =  29; 51 nostrils) or IO (n  =  17; 32 nostrils). Paired t tests analyzed nostril and alveolar symmetry in each group.

Mandibular incisor extraction: a systematic review of an uncommon extraction choice in orthodontic treatment.

Objectives: To review the published literature in order to address clinical questions regarding the indications, effects and outcomes of mandibular incisor extraction in orthodontics.

Data Sources: Three electronic databases were searched: PubMed (1950-January 2011), Ovid Embase+Ovid Embase Classic (1947-January 2011) and Cochrane library (6 Cochrane databases, 1996-January 2011). The following journals were additionally searched: American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (1960-January 2011), Angle Orthodontist (1960-January 2011), European Journal of Orthodontics (1970-January 2011) and Journal of Orthodontics (1974-January 2011).

Predictors of adolescent compliance with oral hygiene instructions during two-arch multibracket fixed orthodontic treatment.

Objective: To determine compliance with oral hygiene instructions (OHI) of adolescents receiving two-arch multibracket fixed appliances and identify its predictive factors.

Materials And Methods: Forty-one patients in a longitudinal study were provided standardized OHI and assessed at baseline: before bonding (T0mo), approximately 30 days after bonding (T1mo), and approximately 150 days (T5mo) after bonding straight-wire appliances simultaneously in the maxillary and mandibular arches. Oral hygiene (OH) performance was measured using plaque and gingival indices.

Craniofacial morphology and adolescent facial growth in Pierre Robin sequence.

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to analyze craniofacial morphology and adolescent facial growth in subjects with Pierre Robin sequence (PRS). The research was conducted at the Center for Craniofacial Care and Research at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and the Burlington Facial Growth Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto.

Methods: Longitudinal lateral cephalometric tracings of 34 Caucasian subjects with nonsyndromic PRS were compared with those of unaffected control subjects, matched for age, sex, and ethnicity, and representing the range of occlusions in an untreated population.

Cranial base, maxillary and mandibular morphology in Down syndrome.

Objective: To test the null hypothesis that there is no difference between craniofacial measurements of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) and normal controls.

Materials And Methods: A cephalometric analysis including additional landmarks and measurements to study specific craniofacial features was undertaken on pretreatment cephalograms of 25 patients with DS (12 male, 13 female; mean age 15.1 years) treated at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto.