Multifaceted therapeutic applications of biomimetic nanovaccines.

The development of vaccines has had a crucial role in preventing and controlling infectious diseases on a global scale. Innovative formulations of biomimetic vaccines inspired by natural defense mechanisms combine long-term antigen stability, immunogenicity, and targeted delivery with sustained release. Types of biomimetic nanoparticle (NP) include bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), cell membrane-decorated NPs, liposomes, and exosomes.

Nanosuspension encapsulated chitosan-pectin microbeads as a novel delivery platform for enhancing oral bioavailability.

The current study aimed to overcome the poor solubility and colon-specific delivery of curcumin (CUR) by formulating a curcumin nanosuspension (CUR-NS) using the antisolvent precipitation method. Freeze-dried CUR-NS was encapsulated into microbeads (CUR-NS-MB) by the ionotropic gelation method using zinc chloride (as a cross-linking agent) with the help of rate-controlling polymers, pectin, and chitosan. Furthermore, cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) is incorporated as an enteric polymer to protect against acidic medium degradation.

Development of Biocompatible Ciprofloxacin-Gold Nanoparticle Coated Sutures for Surgical Site Infections.

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are mainly observed after surgeries that use biomaterials. The aim of this present work was to develop ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CPH)-loaded gold nanoparticles. These ciprofloxacin-gold nanoparticles were coated onto a sterile surgical suture using an adsorption technique, followed by rigidization via ionotropic crosslinking using sodium alginate.

Pharmacokinetics and Anti-Diabetic Studies of Gliclazide Nanosuspension.

Gliclazide (GCZ), an antidiabetic medication, has poor solubility and limited oral bioavailability due to substantial first-pass metabolism. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to optimize and formulate a GCZ nanosuspension (NS) employing the antisolvent precipitation technique. A three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to examine the impact of the primary formulation factors (drug concentration, stabilizer, and surfactant %) on particle size.

Polymeric Micelles for Breast Cancer Therapy: Recent Updates, Clinical Translation and Regulatory Considerations.

With the growing burden of cancer, parallel advancements in anticancer nanotechnological solutions have been witnessed. Among the different types of cancers, breast cancer accounts for approximately 25% and leads to 15% of deaths. Nanomedicine and its allied fields of material science have revolutionized the science of medicine in the 21st century.

Fast-Fed Variability: Insights into Drug Delivery, Molecular Manifestations, and Regulatory Aspects.

Among various drug administration routes, oral drug delivery is preferred and is considered patient-friendly; hence, most of the marketed drugs are available as conventional tablets or capsules. In such cases, the administration of drugs with or without food has tremendous importance on the bioavailability of the drugs. The presence of food may increase (positive effect) or decrease (negative effect) the bioavailability of the drug.

Therapeutic Potential of Naringenin Nanosuspension: In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Osteoporotic Studies.

Naringenin (NRG) is a flavonoid and has been reported as an anti-osteoporotic agent. However, poor bioavailability may limit the anti-osteoporotic potential of the drug. The purpose of the study was to compare the anti-osteoporotic activity of naringenin nanosuspension (NRG-NS) with the NRG and standard therapeutic drug, raloxifene hydrochloride (RLX).

Brain-Targeted Intranasal Delivery of Zotepine Microemulsion: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics.

The purpose of our study was to improve the solubility, bioavailability, and efficacy of zotepine (ZTP) by brain-targeted intranasal delivery of microemulsion (ME) and its physicochemical properties, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters were evaluated. The optimized ME formulations contain 10% of oil (Capmul MCM C8, monoglycerides, and diglycerides of caprylic acid), 50% of S (Labrasol and Transcutol HP, and 40% of water resulting in a globule size of 124.6 ± 3.

QbD aided development of ibrutinib-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers aimed for lymphatic targeting: evaluation using chylomicron flow blocking approach.

Ibrutinib (IBR) is the choice of drug for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). IBR has low oral bioavailability of 2.9% owing to its high first pass metabolism.

Devil's claw ( ameliorates the neurobehavioral changes and neurotoxicity in female rats exposed to arsenic.

Over 200 million people are exposed to arsenic worldwide in their daily lives. Arsenic is a toxic ubiquitous metalloid distributed in the ground water. From the last few decades it is obtaining considerable attention for its severe neurotoxic properties.

Rutin nanosuspension for potential management of osteoporosis: effect of particle size reduction on oral bioavailability, and activity.

Clinical significance of Rutin (RUT) is limited by poor dissolution rate and low oral bioavailability. The study was designed to improve the physicochemical and therapeutic potential of the drug by formulating nanosuspension (NS) for osteoporosis. Rutin nanosuspension (RUT-NS) was prepared after screening a range of stabilizers and their combinations at a different concentration by antisolvent precipitation technique.

"Nanogels as drug carriers - Introduction, chemical aspects, release mechanisms and potential applications".

Nanogels, also known as next generation drug delivery systems are in the limelight of the research owing to their advantages like high loading, tunability of size, stimuli responsiveness, sustained drug release via in situ gelling mechanisms, stability, etc. Nanogels have proven to be superior in terms of reducing the complexities involved in this delivery system overcoming the drawbacks of the conventional approaches. This review will give readers an in depth understanding about basics of nanogel, classification, synthesis, advances in nanogel technology, mechanisms involved, regulatory considerations and the opportunities for further exploration in order to achieve high therapeutic efficacy for fatal diseases.

Fabrication of Ibrutinib Nanosuspension by Quality by Design Approach: Intended for Enhanced Oral Bioavailability and Diminished Fast Fed Variability.

Present study was aimed to increase the oral bioavailability and reduce the fast fed variability of Ibrutinib by developing nanosuspension by simple precipitation-ultrasonication method. A three factor, three level, box-behnken design was used for formulation optimization using pluronic F-127 as stabilizer. Size and polydispersity index of the developed formulations were in the range of 278.

Quality by Design Approach for the Development of Self-Emulsifying Systems for Oral Delivery of Febuxostat: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation.

The goal of the present investigation is to formulate febuxostat (FXT) self-nanoemulsifying delivery systems (liquid SNEDDS, solid SNEDDS, and pellet) to ameliorate the solubility and bioavailability. To determine the self-nanoemulsifying region, ternary plot was constructed utilizing Capmul MCM C8 NF® as an oil phase, Labrasol® as principal surfactant, and Transcutol HP® being the co-surfactant. Liquid SNEDDS (L-SNEDDS) were characterized by evaluating droplet size, zeta potential, % transmission, and for thermodynamic stability.

Intranasal Zotepine Nanosuspension: intended for improved brain distribution in rats.

Background: Zotepine (ZTP), an antipsychotic drug is well tolerated and particularly effective for treating negative symptoms of psychosis. But is limited by low oral bioavailability caused by substantial first pass metabolism and thereby less amount of drug reaches the brain due to blood brain barrier (BBB).

Objectives: Since ZTP displays dose dependent side effects, purpose of the contemporary study is to develop zotepine loaded nanosuspension (ZTP-NS) for increased brain targeting in rats at lower doses.

Quality by Design Approach for Developing Lipid-Based Nanoformulations of Gliclazide to Improve Oral Bioavailability and Anti-Diabetic Activity.

The aim of the current investigation was to generate a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of gliclazide (GCZ) to address the poor solubility and bioavailability. Ternary phase diagram was created with Capmul MCM C8 NF (oil), Cremophor RH 40 (surfactant), and Transcutol HP (co-surfactant) to distinguish the self-emulsifying region. A D-optimal design was employed with three variables, such as oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant, for further optimization of liquid (L)-SNEDDS.

Hansen solubility parameters for assay method optimization of simvastatin, ramipril, atenolol, hydrochlorothiazide and aspirin in human plasma using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.

A simple, specific, sensitive, validated method was developed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization of human plasma for the simultaneous estimation of drugs (simvastatin, ramipril, atenolol, hydrochlorothiazide, and aspirin) of Polycap capsule used in cardiovascular therapy. The interaction of these actives including internal standards between the stationary and mobile phase were investigated using Hansen solubility parameters. Chromatographic separation was performed on Phenomenex Synergi Polar-RP (30 × 2 mm, 4 μm) column with a gradient mobile phase composition of acetonitrile and 5 mM ammonium formate for positive mode and 0.

Formulation and Evaluation of Naringenin Nanosuspensions for Bioavailability Enhancement.

The clinical potential of naringenin (NRG) is compromised due to its poor aqueous solubility and low oral bioavailability. The study is aimed at addressing these issues by means of naringenin nanosuspensions (NRG-NS) formulated using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-90) as stabiliser via antisolvent sonoprecipitation method. Optimisation of sonication time, drug concentration and stabilisers was done based on particle size.

Role of Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery and Regenerative Therapy for Bone Diseases.

Background: Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by progressive bone loss due to aging and menopause in women leading to bone fragility with increased susceptibility towards fractures. The silent disease weakens the bone by altering its microstructure and mass. Therapy is based on either promoting strength (via osteoblast action) or preventing disease (via osteoclast action).

Ethanolic extract of Aloe vera ameliorates sciatic nerve ligation induced neuropathic pain.

Background: Aloe vera is being used since ages by human kind for treating various ailments including various inflammatory conditions, but scientific validation has not been done for analgesic activity against neuropathic pain.

Objective: The current study was designed to systematically evaluate the therapeutic potential of the ethanolic extract of A. vera (EEAV) against sciatic nerve ligation (SCNL) induced neuropathic pain.

Correlation of in vitro and in vivo plasma protein binding using ultracentrifugation and UPLC-tandem mass spectrometry.

The aim of the present study is to develop and demonstrate the correlation between in vitro and in vivo Plasma Protein Binding (PPB) using the ultracentrifugation method for its validation by using marketed compounds like atenolol, theophylline and phenytoin. In this study, in vitro PPB is carried out using ultracentrifugation, by spiking the selected marketed compounds at concentrations of 5 and 15 μM in plasma. In an in vivo study, rats (n = 3) were given a single oral dose (10 mg kg(-1)) and post-dose samples were subjected to ultracentrifugation to obtain the protein-free fraction.