Increased insulin and GLUT2 gene expression and elevated glucokinase activity in β-like cells of islets of langerhans differentiated from human haematopoietic stem cells on treatment with Costus igneus leaf extract.

In the quest to understand lost β-cells regeneration in the diabetic condition, we have demonstrated successful differentiation of human haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to functional β-like cells. Costus igneus (Ci) leaf extract is known to exhibit anti-diabetic properties by lowering the blood glucose level as demonstrated in mice models. To establish the anti-diabetic properties of Ci leaf extract on human subjects, we studied the effect of Ci on these differentiated β-like cells.

grown in anaerobic conditions exhibits elevated glutamine biosynthesis and biofilm units.

The enormous spread of infections through biofilms is a major concern in hospital-acquired infections. Biofilm formation by on any surface is facilitated by adjusting its redox status. This organism is a facultative anaerobe shift more towards reductive conditions by enhancing nitrogen metabolism where glutamine synthesis plays a key role.

Down-regulation of PAX2 promotes in vitro differentiation of podocytes from human CD34 cells.

Podocytes are major kidney cells that help in glomerular filtration and any damage or loss is a major event in the progression of kidney diseases. Understanding podocytes development will help in designing therapeutic strategies against these renal diseases. Therefore, in vitro generation of podocytes from adult hematopoietic CD34 stem cells is explored in the present study.

Gel based in vitro 3D model exploring the osteocytic potentiality of human CD34 stem cells.

Osteocytic potentiality of human CD34 stem cells explored in the present study by generating in vitro agarose gel 3D model to understand the bone ossification process. The G-CSF and IL-3 mobilized human CD34 stem cells isolated apheretically from donor peripheral blood and purity of the cells was assessed by FACS and immunocytochemical (ICC) studies. The CD34 stem cells were cultured in gel based 3D model with osteogenic stimulating medium for 21 days.

Phosphorylation of Staphylococcus aureus Protein-Tyrosine Kinase Affects the Function of Glucokinase and Biofilm Formation.

Background: When Staphylococcus aureus is grown in the presence of high concentration of external glucose, this sugar is phosphorylated by glucokinase (glkA) to form glucose-6-phosphate. This product subsequently enters into anabolic phase, which favors biofilm formation. The presence of ROK (repressor protein, open reading frame, sugar kinase) motif, phosphate-1 and -2 sites, and tyrosine kinase sites in glkA of S.

In vitro differentiation potential of human haematopoietic CD34(+) cells towards pancreatic β-cells.

Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) possess multipotent ability to differentiate into various types of cells on providing appropriate niche. In the present study, the differentiating potential of human HSCs into β-cells of islets of langerhans was explored. Human HSCs were apheretically isolated from a donor and cultured.

Role of STPK in Maintaining the Quiescent Nature of Human CD34 Stem Cells.

Haematopoietic stem cell normally exists in the hypoxic niche of bone marrow and in this high anaerobic condition phosphorylation is vital in understanding the stemness of these stem cells in bone marrow. Analysis of human aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) we have observed the presence of serine threonine protein kinase (STPK) sites in the protein sequence of these enzymes conferring that functioning of ALDH and IDH is regulated largely by STPK through phosphorylation. Human CD34 stem cells and mononuclear cells as a control isolated from peripheral blood and were propagated in DMEM media at 5% CO, 95% humidity and at 37°C.

In vitro generation of type-II pneumocytes can be initiated in human CD34(+) stem cells.

Objectives: Human CD34(+) stem cells differentiated into type-II pneumocytes in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM) having hydrocortisone, insulin, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), expressing surfactant proteins-B (SP-B) and C (SP-C), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lysozyme.

Results: FACS-enumerated pure CD34(+) cells, isolated from human peripheral blood, were cultured in DMEM and showed positive reaction with anti-human CD34 monoclonal antibodies in immunocytochemistry. These cells were cultured in DMEM having hydrocortisone, insulin, FGF, EGF and BSA (HIFEB-D) medium having an air-liquid interface.

Anaerobic Glycolysis and HIF1α Expression in Haematopoietic Stem Cells Explains Its Quiescence Nature.

Metabolic alteration that a stem cell undergoes during proliferation and quiescence are decisive. These cells survive in extreme hypoxic environment that prevails in bone marrow. The present study is aimed to understand this nature in hematopoietic stem cells.

Mutations in exons 3 and 7 resulting in truncated expression of human ATP6V1B1 gene showing structural variations contributing to poor substrate binding-causative reason for distal renal tubular acidosis with sensorineural deafness.

Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is an autosomal recessive syndrome results defect in either proximal tubule bicarbonate reabsorption or in distal tubule H(+) secretion and is characterized by severe hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis in childhood. dRTA is associated with functional variations in the ATP6V1B1 gene encoding β1 subunit of H(+)-ATPase, key membrane transporters for net acid excretion of α-intercalated cells of medullary collecting ducts. In the present study, a 13-year-old male patient suffering with nephropathy and sensorineural deafness was reported in the Department of Nephrology.