Whole Genomic Characterization of Isolates from Barramundi () and Preliminary Evidence of Cross-Protective Immunization.

, also known as Barramundi or Asian seabass, is a highly productive and fast-growing species that is well suited to large-scale aquaculture due to its attractive harvestable yields (premium fish). This fish has been envisioned as having the potential to be the "Salmon of Tropics". Cultivating in aquaculture poses challenges, as the dense populations that make such aquaculture commercially viable facilitate the rapid spread of infectious diseases, which in turn significantly impact yield.

Molecular Characterization of MHC Class I Alpha 1 and 2 Domains in Asian Seabass ().

The Asian seabass is of importance both as a farmed and wild animal. With the emergence of infectious diseases, there is a need to understand and characterize the immune system. In humans, the highly polymorphic MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules play an important role in antigen presentation for the adaptive immune system.

Kinome Analysis to Define Mechanisms of Adjuvant Action: PCEP Induces Unique Signaling at the Injection Site and Lymph Nodes.

Understanding the mechanism of action of adjuvants through systems biology enables rationale criteria for their selection, optimization, and application. As kinome analysis has proven valuable for defining responses to infectious agents and providing biomarkers of vaccine responsiveness, it is a logical candidate to define molecular responses to adjuvants. Signaling responses to the adjuvant poly[di(sodiumcarboxylatoethylphenoxy)phosphazene] (PCEP) were defined at the site of injection and draining lymph node at 24 h post-vaccination.

Kinetics of Tear Fluid Proteins after Endothelial Keratoplasty and Predictive Factors for Recovery from Corneal Haze.

Endothelial keratoplasty (EK) is less invasive with faster recovery as compared to conventional penetrating keratoplasty, however, it relies on the clarity of the host corneal stroma. Corneal transplantation involves the induction of immune tolerance for allogeneic tissues as well as the corneal wound healing process, in which coordinated interactions between cytokines and growth factors are critical. In this study, we profiled the expression of 51 soluble factors in the tear fluid over the course of EK and have provided evidence of dynamic changes in cytokine expression in the ipsilateral and contralateral eyes.

The adjuvant PCEP induces recruitment of myeloid and lymphoid cells at the injection site and draining lymph node.

Poly[di(sodiumcarboxylatoethylphenoxy)phosphazene] (PCEP) has shown great potential as a vaccine adjuvant, but the mechanisms that mediate its adjuvant activity have not been investigated. Previously, we had reported the potential of PCEP to induce cytokines and chemokines at the site of injection. Hence, we hypothesized that PCEP creates strong immuno-competent environment leading to recruitment of immune cells at the injection site.

Caspase-1 Dependent IL-1β Secretion and Antigen-Specific T-Cell Activation by the Novel Adjuvant, PCEP.

The potent adjuvant activity of the novel adjuvant, poly[di(sodiumcarboxylatoethylphenoxy)phosphazene] (PCEP), with various antigens has been reported previously. However, very little is known about its mechanisms of action. We have recently reported that intramuscular injection of PCEP induces NLRP3, an inflammasome receptor gene, and inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-18, in mouse muscle tissue.

Vaccine Potentiation by Combination Adjuvants.

Adjuvants are crucial components of vaccines. They significantly improve vaccine efficacy by modulating, enhancing, or extending the immune response and at the same time reducing the amount of antigen needed. In contrast to previously licensed adjuvants, current successful adjuvant formulations often consist of several molecules, that when combined, act synergistically by activating a variety of immune mechanisms.

Mechanisms of action of adjuvants.

Adjuvants are used in many vaccines, but their mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Studies from the past decade on adjuvant mechanisms are slowly revealing the secrets of adjuvant activity. In this review, we have summarized the recent progress in our understanding of the mechanisms of action of adjuvants.

Activation of adjuvant core response genes by the novel adjuvant PCEP.

Adjuvants are critical components of many vaccines but their mechanisms of action are often poorly understood. Understanding the mechanisms of adjuvant activity is critical in defining how innate immunity influenced adaptive immunity. We investigated the capacity of a novel adjuvant, poly[di(sodiumcarboxylatoethylphenoxy)phosphazene] (PCEP), to induce innate immune responses at the site of injection.