Management of Disseminated Rhinosporidiosis: Experience From a Single Tertiary Institution.

Objective: This study aims to present a series of patients with disseminated rhinosporidosis with diagnostic and therapeutic features.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary health care centre in South India from 2007 to 2020 with disseminated rhinosporidiosis. Twelve patients with multiple sites of involvement like the nose, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, lacrimal sac and skin were included in the study.

Endogenous Cu(II) Labeling for Distance Measurements on Proteins by EPR.

In-cell measurements of the relationship between structure and dynamics to protein function is at the forefront of biophysics. Recently, developments in EPR methodology have demonstrated the sensitivity and power of this method to measure structural constraints in-cell. However, the need to spin label proteins ex-situ or use noncanonical amino acids to achieve endogenous labeling remains a bottleneck.

The Dynamic Plasticity of P. aeruginosa CueR Copper Transcription Factor upon Cofactor and DNA Binding.

Bacteria use specialized proteins, like transcription factors, to rapidly control metal ion balance. CueR is a Gram-negative bacterial copper regulator. The structure of E.

Determining the Best Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System: A Prospective Study Comparing the Diagnostic Performance of ACR, EU, and K TIRADS in the Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules.

 Many different risk stratification systems have been formulated for thyroid nodules, differing in their fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) indication, suggesting a lack of consensus around the world.  This prospective study was conducted to find the best guideline for risk stratification, for a better malignancy yield, and with reduced rates of negative FNACs among three Thyroid Imaging, Reporting, and Data System (TIRADS) guidelines.  A total of 625 thyroid nodules with conclusive FNAC or histopathological diagnosis were included in the study.

Schwannoma of Nasopharynx-A Rare Case with A Complex Presentation.

Nasopharyngeal tumors are rare, and schwannomas originating from this location are extremely uncommon. Schwannomas are tumors arising from the Schwann cells of peripheral nerve sheath which are neuroectodermal in origin. These are benign, slow growing, well-encapsulated tumors and are mostly seen in the head and neck region.

Modeling of Cu(II)-based protein spin labels using rotamer libraries.

The bifunctional spin label double-histidine copper-(II) capped with nitrilotriacetate [dHis-Cu(II)-NTA], used in conjunction with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) methods can provide high-resolution distance data for investigating protein structure and backbone conformational diversity. Quantitative utilization of this data is limited due to a lack of rapid and accurate dHis-Cu(II)-NTA modeling methods that can be used to translate experimental data into modeling restraints. Here, we develop two dHis-Cu(II)-NTA rotamer libraries using a set of recently published molecular dynamics simulations and a semi-empirical meta-dynamics-based conformational ensemble sampling tool for use with the recently developed chiLife bifunctional spin label modeling method.

Site of Tracheostomy and Its Influence on The Surgical Outcome and Quality of Life After Tracheal Resection and Anastomosis in Patients with Tracheal Stenosis.

 With the advances in critical care, the incidence of post intubation tracheal stenosis is increasing. Tracheal resection and anastomosis have been the gold standard for the management of grades III and IV stenosis. Scientific evidence from the literature on the determining factors and outcomes of surgery is not well described.

One More Chance to See the World: A Rare Case Report on Sphenoid Mucocele Causing Vision Loss.

Mucocele of the sphenoid sinus is one of the rare diseases which an ENT surgeon can encounter in a clinical setup. It can often present as a chronic headache. It can remain undiagnosed unless a symptom due to the compression effect of the mucocele, such as diminution of vision, ophthalmoplegia, or any intracranial complication, occurs.

Utility of the Growth Differentiation Factor-15 in the Differential Diagnosis of Follicular-Patterned Lesions of the Thyroid on Cytopathologic and Histopathologic Samples.

Background Follicular-patterned lesions are a major gray zone in thyroid cytopathology. The recently introduced 2022 World Health Organization (WHO) classification emphasizes the importance of genetic alterations in thyroid neoplasms with the introduction of certain newer terminologies that are expected to cause remarkable changes in cytopathologic and histopathologic reporting. Although molecular assays such as the Afirma gene expression classifier and the ThyroSeq are already in use, there has been an ongoing search for further reliable molecular markers.

Integrating Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Computational Modeling to Measure Protein Structure and Dynamics.

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) has become a powerful probe of conformational heterogeneity and dynamics of biomolecules. In this Review, we discuss different computational modeling techniques that enrich the interpretation of EPR measurements of dynamics or distance restraints. A variety of spin labels are surveyed to provide a background for the discussion of modeling tools.

Double Quantum Coherence ESR at Q-Band Enhances the Sensitivity of Distance Measurements at Submicromolar Concentrations.

Recently, there have been remarkable improvements in pulsed ESR sensitivity, paving the way for broader applicability of ESR in the measurement of biological distance constraints, for instance, at physiological concentrations and in more complex systems. Nevertheless, submicromolar distance measurements with the commonly used nitroxide spin label take multiple days. Therefore, there remains a need for rapid and reliable methods of measuring distances between spins at nanomolar concentrations.

Differentiating between Label and Protein Conformers in Pulsed Dipolar EPR Spectroscopy with the dHis-Cu (NTA) Motif.

Pulsed dipolar EPR spectroscopy (PDS) in combination with site-directed spin labeling is a powerful tool in structural biology. However, the commonly used spin labels are conjugated to biomolecules via rather long and flexible linkers, which hampers the translation of distance distributions into biomolecular conformations. In contrast, the spin label copper(II)-nitrilotriacetic acid [Cu (NTA)] bound to two histidines (dHis) is rigid and yields narrow distance distributions, which can be more easily translated into biomolecular conformations.

Endoscope-Assisted Removal of Post-Traumatic Orbital Epidermoid Inclusion Cyst: A Useful Adjunct.

Orbital epidermoid cysts are uncommon lesions within the bony orbit with varied symptomatology related to both the eye and the sino-nasal system. They are often slow-growing cystic masses which may cause facial asymmetry and visual loss due to pressure symptoms. Cross-sectional imaging such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are contributory and useful for assessment of the size and actual extent and should be mandatory before planning any surgical intervention.

Direct observation of negative cooperativity in a detoxification enzyme at the atomic level by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy and simulation.

The catalytic activity of human glutathione S-transferase A1-1 (hGSTA1-1), a homodimeric detoxification enzyme, is dependent on the conformational dynamics of a key C-terminal helix α9 in each monomer. However, the structural details of how the two monomers interact upon binding of substrates is not well understood and the structure of the ligand-free state of the hGSTA1-1 homodimer has not been resolved. Here, we used a combination of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) distance measurements and weighted ensemble (WE) simulations to characterize the conformational ensemble of the ligand-free state at the atomic level.

Kaposiform Haemangioendothelioma of the Sublingual Gland in an Adult.

Kaposiform haemangioendotheliomas (KHE) are extremely rare, borderline malignant, locally aggressive vascular tumours. KHE is usually found in the retroperitoneum, over the extremities, the soft tissues of the trunk, mediastinum and the head and neck regions. We present a very rare case of KHE of the sublingual gland in an adult, which was not associated with Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon and was resected completely without any recurrence.

Efficient sampling of molecular orientations for Cu(II)-based DEER on protein labels.

Combining rigid Cu(II) labels and pulsed-EPR techniques enables distance constraint measurements that are incisive probes of protein structure and dynamics. However, the labels can lead to a dipolar signal that is biased by the relative orientation of the two spins, which is typically unknown in a bilabeled protein. This effect, dubbed orientational selectivity, becomes a bottleneck in measuring distances.

"Store-bought is fine": Sensitivity considerations using shaped pulses for DEER measurements on Cu(II) labels.

The narrow excitation bandwidth of monochromic pulses is a sensitivity limitation for pulsed dipolar spectroscopy on Cu(II)-based measurements. In response, frequency-swept pulses with large excitation bandwidths have been adopted to probe a greater range of the EPR spectrum. However, much of the work utilizing frequency-swept pulses in Cu(II) distance measurements has been carried out on home-built spectrometers and equipment.

Veillonella atypica causing retropharyngeal abscess: A rare case presentation.

Veillonella species are obligate anaerobes which are part of the human oral, gut and vaginal microbiota. The genus Veillonella consists of 16 characterized species. Very few infections due to Veillonella atypica have been reported till date.

Recurrent Giant Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Parotid: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common salivary gland malignancy and about one third occurs in the parotid gland. The peak incidence is commonly seen between the third and fifth decades of life. It routinely presents as a fixed, painless mass below the ear.

How Can We Manage Penetrating Neck Injury with Blunt Carotid Injury and Spinal Injury: Case Report and Review of Literature.

The Neck is a cylindrical structure containing vital neurovascular and visceral structures tightly packed in a relatively small volume. Mortality rate increases when there is an injury to vascular structures especially the carotid artery, surrounded by other vital neurovascular structures; injuring the neck leads to devastating morbidity when compared to other injuries. With increased awareness of screening techniques and improved detection rates, there is an urge in opting for selective neck exploration and initial aggressive antithrombotic therapy for blunt carotid artery injuries.

An Unusual Tumor in an Uncommon Site-Orbital Rosai-Dorfman Disease: A Case Report.

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is also known as Sinus Histiocytosis with Massive Lymphadenopathy. It is a rare, benign, self-limiting disease of phagocytic histiocytes presenting with massive painless cervical lymphadenopathy. RDD can present as a nodal disease and also extra-nodal involvement with episodes of exacerbation and remissions and relapses after treatment.

Migrated Foreign Body of Upper Digestive Tract-A Ten-Year Institutional Experience.

The ingested foreign body is one of the commonest emergencies encountered by otolaryngologists Depending on the shape and duration of impaction, a small number of foreign bodies (1-2%) can perforate the wall of the gastrointestinal Tract. A migrated foreign body may remain quiescent or cause life-threatening suppurative and vascular complications. Data were collected retrospectively from the hospital records in a tertiary care hospital in South India from 2010 to 2020.

Oesophagoscopy in a Treated Oral Cavity Carcinoma Patient: A Case Report and Review.

Vegetable matter, especially fruit seed impaction, is uncommon in Otolaryngology practice. If it happens, there should be a possibility of abnormality in the oesophagus like stricture, web, malignancy, trauma or diverticulum. Here we present a case of seed as a foreign body oesophagus in a patient who was a known case of carcinoma left buccal mucosa status post left hemimandibulectomy with flap reconstruction Radiotherapy 20 years ago.

Clinical and Current Microbiological Profile with Changing Antibiotic Sensitivity in Malignant Otitis Externa.

Malignant otitis externa (MOE) is a rare and fatal condition affecting temporal bone. It is also known as skull base osteomyelitis and is a rapidly progressive condition. This retrospective study evaluates the clinical, haematological, microbiological profile and management of malignant otitis externa in a tertiary care hospital and literature review.

Microdebrider Assisted Resection of Suprastomal Lesions via Tracheostoma: A Novel Technique.

Subglottic lesions are the commonest airway conditions leading to life threatening complications. Many conditions can present as subglottic lesions and can affect various age groups. There are various methods to manage these conditions described in the literature.