Replication of a local record keeping method for collecting road crash data in low resource settings: lessons from Bangladesh and Nepal.

Background: Police road crash and injury data in low-income and middle-income countries are known to under-report crashes, fatalities and injuries, especially for vulnerable road users. Local record keepers, who are members of the public, can be engaged to provide an additional source of crash and injury data.

Methods: This paper compares the application of a local record keeper method to capture road crash and injury data in Bangladesh and Nepal, assesses the quality of the data collected and evaluates the replicability and value of the methodology using a framework developed to evaluate the impact of being a local record keeper.

Comparative evaluation of A1A2 and A2A2 cow milk-containing diets on biochemical and histological parameters of Wistar rats.

This Research Communication aims to compare the effect of A1A2 and A2A2 cow milk diets on the biochemical and histological parameters of rats. The rats were divided into four groups and fed with a normal diet, A2 milk powder, A1A2 or A2A2 cow milk diets for 90 d. Blood glucose, kidney function, liver function and lipid profile were examined during the experimental period.

Epidemiology of unintentional childhood injuries in urban and rural areas of Nepal- A comparative study.

Unintentional injuries are one of the leading causes of ill health, disability & death among the children and young adults worldwide. As these injuries are strongly related to social determinants, the burden falls mainly upon the Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) like Nepal. Thus, the main objective was to explore the epidemiology of unintentional childhood injuries in urban and rural areas of Kavrepalanchok district.

Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteogenomics: New Therapeutic Opportunities for Precision Medicine.

Proteogenomics refers to the integration of comprehensive genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic measurements from the same samples with the goal of fully understanding the regulatory processes converting genotypes to phenotypes, often with an emphasis on gaining a deeper understanding of disease processes. Although specific genetic mutations have long been known to drive the development of multiple cancers, gene mutations alone do not always predict prognosis or response to targeted therapy. The benefit of proteogenomics research is that information obtained from proteins and their corresponding pathways provides insight into therapeutic targets that can complement genomic information by providing an additional dimension regarding the underlying mechanisms and pathophysiology of tumors.

Improving Estimates of Injury Burden in Nepal: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Routinely collected injury data can help to identify populations at risk of injury, circumstances surrounding those injuries, and can be used to develop targeted interventions. However, routinely collected injury data in Nepal are at risk of being incomplete or poorly coded and are underutilised. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the strengths, and opportunities for improvement, of systems that routinely measure injury incidence in Nepal.

A qualitative study on gender inequality and gender-based violence in Nepal.

Background: Gender inequality and violence are not mutually exclusive phenomena but complex loops affecting each other. Women in Nepal face several inequalities and violence. The causes are diverse, but most of these results are due to socially assigned lower positioning of women.

Formulation and evaluation of SGLT2 inhibitory effect of a polyherbal mixture inspired from Ayurvedic system of medicine.

Background And Aim: The ingredients viz., and of the present formulation are used to treat diabetes in the Indian traditional medical system. Adopting the concept of multiple herbal mixtures for better therapeutic effects from the ancient Ayurvedic text Sarangdhar Samhita, the present study aimed to develop a polyherbal formulation (PHF) of seven herbs and to evaluate its sodium-glucose cotransporter protein-2 (SGLT2) inhibitory effect on type 2 diabetic rats.

Lifestyle Behaviours among General Population During Lockdown Period during Corona Virus Disease-19 Pandemic.

Background: Healthy lifestyle behaviours have been consistently associated with reduced non-communicable disease related morbidity, mortality and wellbeing. Unhealthy behaviours are major contributors to the global burden of disease. The main aim of this study is to access lifestyle behaviours in adults during the corona virus disease-19 pandemic.

Recent Developments and Potential for Clinical Use of Casein as a Drug Carrier.

Background: The development of drug delivery carriers is the key area of research in the field of novel drug delivery systems. To date, a long list of carriers has been identified for this purpose but the deliveries of poorly water-soluble active substances are still facing challenges and hence, such substances are pharmacologically unsafe and economically incompetent.

Objective: This article aims to review the applications of casein as a drug carrier and its potential for clinical use.

Identifying research priorities for road safety in Nepal: a Delphi study.

Objective: To identify and prioritise the research needed to help Nepali agencies develop an improved road safety system.

Design: Delphi study.

Setting: Nepal.

Modulation of gut microbiota with Ayurveda diet and lifestyle: A review on its possible way to treat type 2 diabetes.

Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased substantially in the past few decades throughout the world. In India, the epidemic of diabetes continues to increase irrespective of area, status, and age. Despite various scientific societies involved in the treatment of diabetes, still, the burden of diabetes keeps growing.

Experience of living near a highway in Nepal: Community perceptions of road dangers in Makwanpur district.

Introduction: Road traffic injuries are a major but neglected global challenge. There are high and rising rates of road traffic injuries in Nepal. Most of the studies reporting these injuries in Nepal have used quantitative methods to describe the injury burden.

Injury amongst Medicolegal Cases in Department of Forensic Medicine of a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Victim of injuries presenting to a hospital is a medico-legal issue. So, with medical management, proper documentation of injuries should be done as a legal duty by all physicians attending such cases. The study aims to find the prevalence of injury amongst medicolegal cases in the Department of Forensic Medicine in a tertiary care centre.

Completeness of police reporting of traffic crashes in Nepal: Evaluation using a community crash recording system.

Objective: Accurate road crash reporting is essential for evaluating road safety interventions and plans. Under-reporting of road traffic crashes, injuries, and fatalities in police records has been widely described. The aim of this study was to apply and evaluate a community crash recording system, and assess the quality of the data in comparison with traffic police data in Nepal.

Road safety and heavy goods vehicle driving in LMICs: Qualitative evidence from Nepal.

Background: Heavy goods vehicle drivers are an influential driving population in Nepal, with over 90% of goods in the country are transported by road. Due to the time spent on the road, drivers have long periods of exposure to the risk of crash involvement. The study explores the perceptions and experiences of heavy goods vehicle drivers and representatives from their professional association regarding road danger.

The Epidemiology of Injuries in Adults in Nepal: Findings from a Hospital-Based Injury Surveillance Study.

This study aimed to develop and evaluate a model of hospital-based injury surveillance and describe the epidemiology of injuries in adults. One-year prospective surveillance was conducted in two hospitals in Hetauda, Nepal. Data were collected electronically for patients presenting to emergency departments (EDs) with injuries between April 2019 and March 2020.

Views of professional stakeholders on readiness for a safe road system in Nepal; an exploratory qualitative study.

Road traffic injuries in Nepal are increasing despite being largely preventable. Little evidence exists regarding the barriers and facilitators to a safer road system. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of professionals whose jobs had the potential to influence road safety in Nepal regarding challenges and potential solutions.

Women's Experience of Disrespect and Abuse during Institutional Delivery in Biratnagar, Nepal.

Worldwide, a large number of women experience disrespectful and abusive behavior from care providers during childbirth. This violates the rights of women to attain respectful care. This study aimed to find out the women's experience of disrespect and abuse during institutional delivery.