Zinner Syndrome: The Diagnosis and Management of a Rare Urogenital Malformation.

This case highlights an atypical but important consideration in young males presenting with persistent gastrointestinal and/or genitourinary symptoms. Zinner syndrome (ZS) develops from embryologic maldevelopment of the distal mesonephric duct, resulting in ejaculatory duct atresia with consequent obstruction of the seminal vesicle and concomitant ureteral bud malformation, leading to renal agenesis/dysplasia. The lack of distinct clinical symptoms makes ZS a difficult diagnosis to reach: Abdominal pain and dysuria are often mistaken for prostatitis or cystitis.

Liver Imaging in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

The incidence of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) has gradually increased over the past few decades with the majority of patients presenting with metastases on initial presentation. The liver is the most common site of initial metastatic disease, and the presence of liver metastasis is an independent prognostic factor associated with a negative outcome. Because NENs are heterogenous neoplasms with variable differentiation, grading, and risk of grade transformation over time, accurate diagnosis and management of neuroendocrine liver lesions are both important and challenging.

Continuing to Thrive in Academic Radiology Despite Decreasing Reimbursement.

Decreasing radiology reimbursement is a major challenge faced by academic radiology practices in the United States. The consequent increased workload from reading more radiological studies can lead to job dissatisfaction, burnout and adverse impact on research, innovation, and education. Thriving successfully in an academic practice despite low reimbursement requires modification of radiology business models and culture of the practice.

In-utero Diagnosis of Double Encephalocele - Imaging Features and Review of Literature.

Encephalocele is protrusion of brain parenchyma through a defect in the cranium. It is classified into various types based on the defect location: sincipital (fronto-ethmoidal), basal (trans-sphenoidal, spheno-ethmoidal, trans-ethmoidal, and spheno-orbital), occipital and parietal. Double encephaloceles are very rare with only a handful of cases reported in the literature and most of these cases involved either occipital or sub-occipital region.

Deployed Deep Learning Kidney Segmentation for Polycystic Kidney Disease MRI.

This study develops, validates, and deploys deep learning for automated total kidney volume (TKV) measurement (a marker of disease severity) on T2-weighted MRI studies of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The model was based on the U-Net architecture with an EfficientNet encoder, developed using 213 abdominal MRI studies in 129 patients with ADPKD. Patients were randomly divided into 70% training, 15% validation, and 15% test sets for model development.

PI-RADS: what is new and how to use it.

The prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) has revolutionized the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the management of prostate cancer (PCa). The most recent version 2.1, PI-RADS v2.

Magnetic Resonance (MR) Imaging of Vascular Malformations.

Vascular malformations pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to the broad differential diagnosis as well as common utilization of inadequate or inaccurate classification systems among healthcare providers. Therapeutic approaches to these lesions vary based on the type, size, and extent of the vascular anomaly, necessitating accurate diagnosis and classification. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (MRI) is an effective modality for classifying vascular anomalies due to its ability to delineate the extent and anatomic relationship of the malformation to adjacent structures.

Calcification of the epiglottis presenting as foreign body sensation in the neck.

The epiglottis plays an important role in preventing food of different consistencies from entering the airway during swallowing. Calcification of epiglottis can, potentially, alter and limit its movement causing aspiration amongst other swallowing problems. Isolated calcification of the epiglottis and its clinical presentation remains a poorly understood entity for radiologists as well as clinicians.

Subperiosteal Schwannoma of Pelvis- A Rare Case and Review of Literature.

Schwannoma are benign tumours of the nerve sheath. They are commonly found in the soft tissue, but its presence in the bone is extremely rare. We herein present a case of 34-year-old man with two adjacent pelvic subperiosteal schwannomas.

Non-cardiovascular findings in clinical cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in children.

Background: With increasing use of pediatric cardiovascular MRI, it is important for all imagers to become familiar with the spectrum of non-cardiovascular imaging findings that can be encountered.

Objective: This study aims to ascertain the prevalence and nature of these findings in pediatric cardiovascular MRIs performed at our institution.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated reports of all cardiovascular MRI studies performed at our institute from January 2008 to October 2012 in patients younger than18 years.

Malaria masquerading as relapse of Hodgkin's lymphoma on contrast enhanced (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography: A diagnostic dilemma.

(18)Flurodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is nowadays routinely used in management of lymphoma patients. We here present a case of Hodgkin's lymphoma which showed (18)F-FDG avid splenomegaly on PET/CT done for clinically suspected relapse. Further evaluation by peripheral smear examination revealed malaria.

Can hybrid SPECT-CT overcome the limitations associated with poor imaging properties of 131I-MIBG?: Comparison with planar scintigraphy and SPECT in pheochromocytoma.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the incremental value of (131)I-MIBG hybrid SPECT-CT over planar scintigraphy (PS) and SPECT alone in patients with clinical or biochemical suspicion of pheochromocytoma.

Methods: A total of 126 adrenals of 63 patients (mean [SD] age, 28.6 [15.

Carcinoma endometrium: role of 18-FDG PET/CT for detection of suspected recurrence.

Objective: Recurrent carcinoma endometrium has a poor prognosis. However, successful salvage with long-term survival has been achieved after hormone therapy, radical surgery, and radiotherapy/chemotherapy in patients with recurrent disease. Conventional imaging (CI) and tumor marker have limited accuracy for detecting recurrence in these patients.

Imaging thrombus in cancer patients with FDG PET-CT.

The incidence of thrombosis in patients with underlying primary malignancy is high. The thrombus may be the more common venous thromboembolism (VTE) or the rare tumour thrombus. VTE is a common entity in cancer patients and is managed with anticoagulant therapy, while tumour thrombosis requires aggressive multimodality management.

Role of FDG PET-CT in detecting recurrence in patients with uterine sarcoma: comparison with conventional imaging.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET-CT in detecting recurrent disease in posttherapy patients of uterine sarcoma and compare the same with conventional imaging (CI).

Methods: A total of 15 FDG PET-CT studies were acquired in 12 posttherapy uterine sarcoma patients. The images were evaluated by two experienced nuclear medicine physicians in consensus.

18F-FDG PET-CT in the diagnosis of tumor thrombus: can it be differentiated from benign thrombus?

Objective: The correct diagnosis of tumor thrombosis and its differentiation from benign thrombus can change patient management and prevent unnecessary anticoagulation treatment. This study was aimed at evaluating the role of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) in the diagnosis of tumor thrombosis, and its differentiation from benign thromboembolism.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of FDG PET-CT scans of patients who underwent the study for staging/restaging of a known malignancy and had FDG-avid thrombosis.

Role of FDG PET-CT in recurrent renal cell carcinoma.

Aim: To determine the efficacy of positron emission tomography-computed tomography using F-18 fluoro-deoxy-glucose (F-18 FDG PET-CT) in diagnosing the recurrence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in patients treated earlier with partial or radical nephrectomy.

Methods: We assessed 63 patients with suspected recurrent RCC after nephrectomy. PET-CT findings were interpreted as positive if the focal area of FDG uptake in the abdomen or outside the abdomen was more than the surrounding background tissue.

Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in autoimmune mucocutaneous blistering diseases: a review of the evidence for its efficacy and safety.

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a biologic agent that is being increasingly used in the treatment of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders. It is approved by the US FDA for the treatment of primary immunodeficiencies, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, Kawasaki disease, bone marrow transplantation in patients aged over 20 years, chronic B-cell lymphocytic leukemia, and pediatric AIDS. IVIg has been used off-label for several diseases, clinical symptoms and syndromes.