Class switching of carbonic anhydrase isoforms mediates remyelination in CA3 hippocampal neurons during chronic hypoxia.

Chronic exposure to hypoxia results in cerebral white matter hyperintensities, increased P300 latency, delayed response and impairment in working memory. Despite burgeoning evidence on role of myelination in nerve conduction, the effect of chronic hypoxia on myelination of hippocampal neurons has been less studied. The present study provides novel evidence on alterations in myelination of hippocampal CA3 neurons following chronic hypoxic exposure.

Correction to: Epigenetic Regulation of SNAP25 Prevents Progressive Glutamate Excitotoxicty in Hypoxic CA3 Neurons.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained mistake.

Heparin-Encapsulated Metered-Dose Topical "Nano-Spray Gel" Liposomal Formulation Ensures Rapid On-Site Management of Frostbite Injury by Inflammatory Cytokines Scavenging.

The critical time window between the incidence of frostbite injury and the initiation of treatment in remote snowbound areas is a determining factor for an effective therapeutic response. It is an emergency condition and challenging to treat due to the poor vascularity of affected body parts, and it requires immediate action. In addition to cold trauma-induced tissue damage, the inflammatory mediators majorly contribute to pathologic aggravations.

Trans-Himalayan Phytococktail Confers Protection Against Hypobaric Hypoxia-Induced Hippocampal Neurodegeneration and Memory Impairment in Male Sprague Dawley Rats.

Exposure to hypobaric hypoxia (HH) has been reported to cause neurodegeneration and memory impairment. , , and , the indigenous plants of Indian Trans-Himalaya are widely used in traditional Tibetan and Amchi system of medicine. These are rich sources of diverse bioactive metabolites having prophylactic and therapeutic uses against a wide array of neurodegenerative diseases.

Methanolic root extract of Codonopsis clematidea prevents hypoxia induced procoagulant state by inhibition of GPIb receptor regulated Lyn kinase activation.

Background: The prevalence of procoagulant state under prolonged hypoxic exposures and the complications and lack of specificity associated with use of existing anti-thrombotic agents have necessitated the search for safer and natural therapeutics. Codonopsis, a widely studied medicinal herb, has been reported to decrease whole blood viscosity but the bioactive ingredients involved, and their mechanism of action therein however remain to be investigated.

Purpose: The present study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of C.

Hypoxia-mediated alteration in cholesterol oxidation and raft dynamics regulates BDNF signalling and neurodegeneration in hippocampus.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) which is primarily associated with neuronal survivability, differentiation and synaptic plasticity has been reported to mediate neurodegeneration in hypoxia through its p75 Neurotrophin receptors (p75NTR). The molecular events promoting BDNF-mediated pro-death signalling in hypoxia, however, still remain an enigma. This study attempts towards deciphering the signalling cascades involved in alteration of BDNF isoforms and its cognate receptor subtypes leading to neurodegeneration in hypoxia.

Kaempferol Inhibits Extra-synaptic NMDAR-Mediated Downregulation of TRkβ in Rat Hippocampus During Hypoxia.

Cognitive dysfunction on chronic exposure to hypobaric hypoxia has been attributed to a myriad of survival and degenerative factors. Downregulation of Trkβ and compromised survival signaling has been ascribed as a major contributing factor for hypoxic neurodegeneration. The mechanisms leading to downregulation of Trkβ in hypoxia, however, remain to be elucidated.

High altitude with monotonous environment has significant impact on mood and cognitive performance of acclimatized lowlanders: Possible role of altered serum BDNF and plasma homocysteine level.

Background: Monotony resulting due to the wilderness, sparse population and isolation from society could adversely affect human physiology and cause mood alterations. Thus, observations need to be conducted in order to elucidate the possible role of circulating biomarkers in inducing altered mood and cognitive performance following prolonged exposure to high altitude (HA) with persistent monotonous environment.

Objective: The present study aimed towards investigating the impact of monotonous environment in remote HA on mood and cognitive performance of human volunteers and its correlation with serum brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and plasma homocysteine level.

Salidroside mediated stabilization of Bcl -x prevents mitophagy in CA3 hippocampal neurons during hypoxia.

Chronic hypoxic stress results in deposition of lipofuscin granules in the CA3 region of hippocampal neurons which contributes to neurodegeneration and accelerated neuronal aging. Oxidative stress and mitophagy during hypoxia are crucial to cause aggregation of these lipofuscin granules in hypoxic neurons. Salidroside, a glucoside derivative of β-Tyrosol, has been reported to protect hypoxic neurons through maintenance of mitochondrial activity.

Differential responses of autonomic function in sea level residents, acclimatized lowlanders at >3500 m and Himalayan high altitude natives at >3500 m: A cross-sectional study.

We studied the differential responses of autonomic function in sea level residents (SLR), acclimatized lowlanders (ALH) in high altitude (HA) and HA natives (HAN) at >3500 m. Out of 771 male volunteers included in this cross-sectional study, SLR, ALH and HAN groups were comprised of 351, 307 and 113 volunteers, respectively. Our results showed persistent sympathetic dominance with significantly reduced (p < 0.

Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension in acclimatized lowlanders staying at high altitude for different durations.

Hypoxic exposure at high-altitude (HA) modulates blood pressure (BP). High prevalence of hypertension among native highlanders (NH) has been reported. However, information on prevalence and determinants of hypertension in acclimatized young lowlanders (ALL) staying at HA for different durations is sparse.

Estrogen Receptor β Mediated Neuroprotective Efficacy of Cicer microphyllum Seed Extract in Global Hypoxia.

Hypoxia induced oxidative stress and neurodegeneration in the hippocampus has been implicated for memory impairment in conditions like stroke, ischemia and hypobaric hypoxia. The present study, aimed at investigating the potential of ethanolic extract of Cicer microphyllum seeds (CSE) for amelioration of global hypoxia induced neurodegeneration in CA1 region of hippocampus. CSE supplementation considerably reduced neurodegeneration and dendritic atrophy in CA1 neurons along with improvement of memory in hypoxic rats.

Acute and sub-acute toxicological evaluation of lyophilized Nymphaea x rubra Roxb. ex Andrews rhizome extract.

Nymphaea x rubra Roxb. ex Andrews (N. rubra) has been widely reported for immunomodulatory properties and treatment of piles, bleeding nose and dysentery in traditional medicinal systems.

Epigenetic Regulation of SNAP25 Prevents Progressive Glutamate Excitotoxicty in Hypoxic CA3 Neurons.

Exposure to global hypoxia and ischemia has been reported to cause neurodegeneration in the hippocampus with CA3 neurons. This neuronal damage is progressive during the initial phase of exposure but maintains a plateau on prolonged exposure. The present study on Sprague Dawley rats aimed at understanding the underlying molecular and epigenetic mechanisms that lead to hypoxic adaptation of CA3 neurons on prolonged exposure to a global hypoxia.

Effect of seabuckthorn seed oil in reducing cardiovascular risk factors: A longitudinal controlled trial on hypertensive subjects.

Background & Aims: The present study aimed at investigating whether dietary supplementation of seabuckthorn seed oil which is rich in omega fatty acids at an oral dose of 0.75 ml could affect cardiovascular risk factors and reduce hypertension and systolic blood pressure.

Methods: Toxicological evaluation and efficacy of seabuckthorn seed oil in reducing high fat diet induced dyslipidemia was initially conducted on adult male Sprague Dawley rats.

Global hypoxia induced impairment in learning and spatial memory is associated with precocious hippocampal aging.

Both chronological aging and chronic hypoxia stress have been reported to cause degeneration of hippocampal CA3 neurons and spatial memory impairment through independent pathways. However, the possible occurrence of precocious biological aging on exposure to single episode of global hypoxia resulting in impairment of learning and memory remains to be established. The present study thus aimed at bridging this gap in existing literature on hypoxia induced biological aging.

Terminalia arjuna bark extract improves diuresis and attenuates acute hypobaric hypoxia induced cerebral vascular leakage.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn.

Early mood behavioral changes following exposure to monotonous environment during isolation stress is associated with altered hippocampal synaptic plasticity in male rats.

Social isolation stress and its effect on mood have been well reported, but the effect of monotony (a state of repetition of events for a considerable period of time without variation) on mood and hippocampal synaptic plasticity needs to be addressed. Present study was conducted on male Sprague-Dawley rats. Singly housed (SH) rats were subjected to monotony stress by physical, visual and pheromonal separation in specially designed animal segregation chamber.

Insulin receptor A and Sirtuin 1 synergistically improve learning and spatial memory following chronic salidroside treatment during hypoxia.

Hypoxia has been reported to cause hippocampal neurodegeneration resulting in learning and memory deficits. In the present study, we investigated the potential of salidroside, a glucoside derivative of tyrosol, in ameliorating hypoxia-induced neurodegeneration and memory impairment. Morris water maze test showed improvement in learning and spatial memory of salidroside-treated hypoxic rats correlating with increased dendritic intersections and arborization.

Disrupting monotony during social isolation stress prevents early development of anxiety and depression like traits in male rats.

Background: Although there have been several reports on social isolation induced mood alterations, the independent contribution of monotonous environment in mediating mood alterations has been less studied. In view of the above, the present study is aimed at investigating the relative contribution of monotony towards mood alterations during isolation stress. Monotony was induced in a specially designed isolation chamber in male Sprague-Dawley rats in the presence or absence of isolation by housing animals singly (SH) or in pairs (PH).

Domain specific changes in cognition at high altitude and its correlation with hyperhomocysteinemia.

Though acute exposure to hypobaric hypoxia is reported to impair cognitive performance, the effects of prolonged exposure on different cognitive domains have been less studied. The present study aimed at investigating the time dependent changes in cognitive performance on prolonged stay at high altitude and its correlation with electroencephalogram (EEG) and plasma homocysteine. The study was conducted on 761 male volunteers of 25-35 years age who had never been to high altitude and baseline data pertaining to domain specific cognitive performance, EEG and homocysteine was acquired at altitude ≤240 m mean sea level (MSL).

Autonomic cardiovascular responses in acclimatized lowlanders on prolonged stay at high altitude: a longitudinal follow up study.

Acute exposure to hypobaric hypoxia at high altitude is reported to cause sympathetic dominance that may contribute to the pathophysiology of high altitude illnesses. The effect of prolonged stay at high altitude on autonomic functions, however, remains to be explored. Thus, the present study aimed at investigating the effect of high altitude on autonomic neural control of cardiovascular responses by monitoring heart rate variability (HRV) during chronic hypobaric hypoxia.

Association rule mining based study for identification of clinical parameters akin to occurrence of brain tumor.

Healthcare sector is generating a large amount of information corresponding to diagnosis, disease identification and treatment of an individual. Mining knowledge and providing scientific decision-making for the diagnosis & treatment of disease from the clinical dataset is therefore increasingly becoming necessary. Aim of this study was to assess the applicability of knowledge discovery in brain tumor data warehouse, applying data mining techniques for investigation of clinical parameters that can be associated with occurrence of brain tumor.

Withania somnifera root extract ameliorates hypobaric hypoxia induced memory impairment in rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Withania somnifera (WS) root extract has been used traditionally in ayurvedic system of medicine as a memory enhancer and anti-stress agent.

Aim Of The Study: To evaluate the neuroprotective and prophylactic potential of WS root extract in ameliorating hypobaric hypoxia (HH) induced memory impairment and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism.

Materials And Methods: WS root extract was administered to male Sprague Dawley rats during a period of 21 days pre-exposure and 07 days exposure to a simulated altitude of 25,000 ft.