Comparing integrative ventilatory and renal acid-base acclimatization in lowlanders and Tibetan highlanders during ascent to 4,300 m.

With over 14 million people living above 3,500 m, the study of acclimatization and adaptation to high altitude in human populations is of increasing importance, where exposure to high altitude (HA) imposes a blood oxygenation and acid-base challenge. A sustained and augmented hypoxic ventilatory response protects oxygenation through ventilatory acclimatization, but elicits hypocapnia and respiratory alkalosis. A subsequent renally mediated compensatory metabolic acidosis corrects pH toward baseline values, with a high degree of interindividual variability.

Larger spleens and greater splenic contraction during exercise may be an adaptive characteristic of Nepali Sherpa at high-altitude.

Objectives: The Sherpa ethnic group living at altitude in Nepal may have experienced natural selection in response to chronic hypoxia. We have previously shown that Sherpa in Kathmandu (1400 m) possess larger spleens and a greater apnea-induced splenic contraction compared to lowland Nepalis. This may be significant for exercise capacity at altitude as the human spleen responds to stress-induced catecholamine secretion by an immediate contraction, which results in transiently elevated hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]).

Differential splenic responses to hyperoxic breathing at high altitude in Sherpa and lowlanders.

The human spleen contracts in response to stress-induced catecholamine secretion, resulting in a temporary rise in haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]). Recent findings highlighted enhanced splenic response to exercise at high altitude in Sherpa, possibly due to a blunted splenic response to hypoxia. To explore the potential blunted splenic contraction in Sherpas at high altitude, we examined changes in spleen volume during hyperoxic breathing, comparing acclimatized Sherpa with acclimatized individuals of lowland ancestry.

Advantage of neuroeducation in managing mass psychogenic illness among rural school children in Nepal.

Introduction: Mass psychogenic illness (MPI), also known as mass hysteria (MH), is a mental health disorder that frequently occurs in Nepal. It primarily affects female students in government high schools and occurs during the course of the school day over a few days without corresponding organic causes.

Purpose Of The Study: This study set out to evaluate and give neuroeducation with the goal of preventing and/or managing MPI after documenting the existing state of knowledge regarding MPI.

Prevalence of migraine and tension-type headache among undergraduate medical students of Kathmandu Valley: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Headache is the most prevalent neurological symptom which can be of a serious condition, as in brain tumor, but mostly it is a benign condition that includes primary headache such as migraine or tension-type headache (TTH). Migraine reoccurs frequently and is more severe but owing to the high prevalence of TTH, however, impaired quality of life due to TTH is greater than that of migraine at the population level. Medical students are constantly subjected to stress and in such a condition, it was necessary to find out the burden of headache among medical students.

Knowledge Regarding Blood Pressure Measurement among First and Second Year Undergraduate Medical Students: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Blood pressure measurement has a great implication in medicine. Every medical personnel should have a sound knowledge regarding blood pressure measurement. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the knowledge regarding blood pressure measurement among first and second year medical students of a medical college.

Oxytocin is indispensable for conspecific-odor preference and controls the initiation of female, but not male, sexual behavior in mice.

Oxytocin (OT) has been demonstrated to be involved in various social behaviors in mammals. However, OT gene knockout (OTKO) mice can conceive and deliver successfully, though females cannot rear their pups because of lack of lactation. Here, we investigated the sociosexual behavior of both sexes in two experimental setups: olfactory preference for sexual partner's odor and direct social interaction in an enriched condition.

Neuroscience Symposium and Workshop on SAAPCON-2016, Nepal.

Physiological Society of Nepal, with support from the South Asian Association of Physiologists (SAAP), organized the 5th Biennial Conference of the South Asian Association of Physiologists in conjunction with the 2nd Annual Conference of Physiological Society of Nepal. The purpose of this conference is to bring the scientists, researchers, and students from the South Asian countries in one platform to share and discuss the recent advances and achievements in the field of physiology. Since physiology is the backbone of medical science which deals with the functions of the human body, the theme of the conference was given as "Redefining health in nature.

Olfactory preference in the male rat depends on multiple chemosensory inputs converging on the preoptic area.

Both volatile and nonvolatile molecules are involved in chemosensory communication in rodents. Volatile odors from physically inaccessible estrous females induced increased numbers of c-Fos-positive cells in the preoptic area (POA) and in the cortical nucleus of the amygdala (CoA) of male rats. The numbers of c-Fos-positive cells in the medial nucleus of the amygdala (MeA) increased in response to the nonvolatile odors of bedding soiled with the excreta of estrous females.

Knowledge attitude and practice (KAP) study regarding facts for life.

This knowledge attitude and practice (KAP) study was done in the married women of age 18-38 years in Jorpati and Gokarna village development committees of Katmandu district to evaluate the knowledge of "Facts for Life". There were 510 married women involved in this study. Altogether 28 questions were asked to each of them regarding the "Facts for Life".