Chitosan-thiourea and their derivatives: Applications and action mechanisms for imparting drought tolerance.

The increasing abiotic stresses from changing global climatic conditions, including drought, extreme temperatures, salinity, storms, pollutants, and floods, impend crop cultivation and sustainability. To mitigate these effects, numerous synthetic and non-synthetic chemicals or plant growth regulators are in practice. Chitosan, a natural organic substance rich in nitrogen and carbon, and thiourea, a synthetic plant growth regulator containing sulfur and nitrogen, have garnered significant interest for their roles in enhancing plant stress tolerance.

Combination of irradiated chitosan and microbial agent to reduce downy mildew on grapevine cv. Thompson seedless.

Globally sustainable disease management ensuring high quality in grapes is in demand as it holds significant importance as a versatile fruit for consumption, winemaking, and production of various products such as grape juice, raisin, and grape-seed oil. The present paper reports a combination of nano-biotechnology as a promising strategy for enhancing plant health and fruit productivity in grapes combining Irradiated chitosan nanoparticles and bio-control agents. The Irradiated Chitosan with Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viridae and pesticides were evaluated for disease management.

Optimization of fungal chitosan production from using statistical designs.

Unlabelled: Fungal chitosan (FCH) is superior to crustacean chitosan (CH) sources and is of immense interest to the scientific community while having a high demand at the global market. Industrial scale fermentation technologies of FCH production are associated with considerable challenges that frequently restrict their economic production and feasibility. The production of high quality FCH using an underexplored fungal strain  NCIM 691 that is hoped to mitigate potential future large-scale production was investigated.

Biosurfactants' multifarious functional potential for sustainable agricultural practices.

Increasing food demand by the ever-growing population imposes an extra burden on the agricultural and food industries. Chemical-based pesticides, fungicides, fertilizers, and high-breeding crop varieties are typically employed to enhance crop productivity. Overexploitation of chemicals and their persistence in the environment, however, has detrimental effects on soil, water, and air which consequently disturb the food chain and the ecosystem.

Synergistic Activity of Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant and Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Fungal Origin Chitosan Against Phytopathogens.

Phytopathogens pose severe implications in the quantity and quality of food production by instigating several diseases. Biocontrol strategies comprising the application of biomaterials have offered endless opportunities for sustainable agriculture. We explored multifarious potentials of rhamnolipid-BS (RH-BS: commercial), fungal chitosan (FCH), and FCH-derived nanoparticles (FCHNPs).

β-Glucan and its nanocomposites in sustainable agriculture and environment: an overview of mechanisms and applications.

β-Glucan is an eco-friendly, biodegradable, and economical biopolymer with important roles for acquiring adaptations to mitigate climate change in crop plants. β-Glucan plays a crucial role in the activation of functional plant innate immune system by triggering the downward signaling cascade/s, resulting in the accumulation of different pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-proteins), reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant defense enzymes, Ca-influx as well as activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Recent experimental studies have shown that β-glucan recognition is mediated by co-receptor LysMPRR (lysin motif pattern recognition receptor)-CERK1 (chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1), LYK4, and LYK5 (LysM-containing receptor-like kinase), as well as different receptor systems in plants that could be plant species-specific and/or age and/or tissue-dependent.

Chitosan and its derivatives: Promising biomaterial in averting fungal diseases of sugarcane and other crops.

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)-a prominent cash crop accounts for around 80% production of sugar worldwide. However, the productivity of sugarcane is declining (~40%) due to the attack of a perilous fungus-Fusarium moniliforme responsible for pokkah boeng (PB) disease. Presently, chemical methods are incisive where their harmful effects on living organisms cannot be overlooked.

γ-Irradiated Chitosan Mediates Enhanced Synthesis and Antimicrobial Properties of Chitosan-Silver (Ag) Nanocomposites.

Chitosan (CSN) and its derivatives are being exploited for their potential role in agriculture in mitigating environmental stress factors. The present study was aimed to enhance the synthesis of chitosan (CSN)-based silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using γ-irradiated chitosan (IR-CSN) and to study the antimicrobial activity of IR-CSN-Ag NPs. The chitosan-silver nanocomposites (CSN-Ag NPs) were prepared by employing the green synthesis method using normal chitosan (high molecular weight (MW), NL-CSN) and oligochitosans (low MW, IR-CSN).

Electron Beam Irradiated Chitosan elicits enhanced antioxidant properties combating resistance to Purple Blotch Disease () in Onion ().

Purpose: This study was carried out to assess the effect of irradiated chitosan as an elicitor on the biochemical traits associated with resistance to purple blotch disease in onion.

Materials And Methods: Chitosan was electron beam irradiated at 100 kGy dose to obtain low molecular weight chitosan. Irradiated chitosan at 20 and 0.

Foliar application of gamma radiation processed chitosan triggered distinctive biological responses in sugarcane under water deficit stress conditions.

Chitosan, being one of the most promising biological macromolecules, has an immense scope in agriculture to boost crop growth and defense responses. In this study, chitosan was exposed to gamma rays in order to obtain a low molecular weight derivative. Viscometric characterization showed a sharp decrease in molecular weight and FTIR based analysis confirmed retention of structural integrity of the polymer upon gamma irradiation.

Intensification in biological properties of chitosan after γ-irradiation.

Chitosan, a functional biopolymer, was irradiated with 100 kGy gamma irradiation and used to access its physical, antioxidant, plant growth promoting and antimicrobial properties. The molecular weight of chitosan reduced to 82.2 kDa from 337.

Gamma radiation degradation of chitosan for application in growth promotion and induction of stress tolerance in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.).

Oligo-chitosan (82.20 kDa) was prepared from chitosan (337.73 kDa) by application of 100 kGy γ-irradiation.