Lectin histochemistry in the small intestines of piglets naturally infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.

Importance: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) binds to particular cell surface receptors to penetrate cells. The virus specifically identifies certain carbohydrate structures present on the surface of the cell to facilitate the binding process. Nevertheless, the influence of viral infections on specific alterations of glycoconjugates in the small intestines remains unexplored.

Immunohistochemical analysis of extracellular signal-regulated kinase expression in mature and immature bulls' testes and epididymides.

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) has been implicated in mammalian testicular and epididymal development. This study aimed to investigate ERK expression in the immature and mature testes and epididymides of bulls. We evaluated ERK expression using immunoblot analysis and immunohistochemistry.

Lectin histochemistry of the olfactory mucosa of Korean native cattle, .

Background: The olfactory mucosa (OM) is crucial for odorant perception in the main olfactory system. The terminal carbohydrates of glycoconjugates influence chemoreception in the olfactory epithelium (OE).

Objectives: The histological characteristics and glycoconjugate composition of the OM of Korean native cattle (Hanwoo, ) were examined to characterize their morphology and possible functions during postnatal development.

Significance of EZH2 expression in canine mammary tumors.

Background: Current studies report that aberrations in epigenetic regulators or chromatin modifications are related to tumor development and maintenance. EZH2 (Enhancer of zeste homolog 2) is one of the catalytic subunits of Polycomb repressive complex 2, a crucial epigenetic regulator. EZH2 has a master regulatory function in such processes as cell proliferation, stem cell differentiation, and early embryogenesis.

Time-course changes in the expression levels of miR-122, -155, and -21 as markers of liver cell damage, inflammation, and regeneration in acetaminophen-induced liver injury in rats.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a significant threat to patient health and a major concern during drug development. Recently, multiple circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be potential biomarkers for DILI. To adapt and validate miRNAs for clinical use, we investigated the time-course changes in miR-122 expression levels in an acetaminophen-induced liver injury model in rats.

Metformin inhibits early stage diethylnitrosamine‑induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.

Antitumor effects of metformin have recently emerged despite its original use for type II diabetes. In the present study, the effects of metformin on the development and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were investigated using the diethylnitrosamine (DEN)‑induced rat model of HCC. Tumor foci were characterized by gross examination and by histopathological characteristics, including proliferation, hepatic progenitor cell content and the expression of hepatocarcinoma‑specific molecular markers.

Evaluation of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in C57BL/6J Mice by Using MRI and Histopathologic Analyses.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can lead to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and ultimately death. Magnetic resonance techniques are accurate, noninvasive methods for evaluating hepatic steatosis but, in animals, have not been fully validated against histologic findings. We sought to validate the MRI fat-signal fraction (MRI-FSF) used for diagnosing NAFLD in human nonclinical trials by comparing MRI data with histopathologic findings in C57BL/6J mice (n = 24) fed normal chow (controls) or a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet to induce NAFLD.

Carcinogenicity of metamifop, a novel herbicide, in Wistar rats following oral administration for 104 weeks.

Metamifop is a novel herbicide with as yet undetermined properties. To assess its carcinogenicity, metamifop was mixed into standard rodent chow and fed to male and female Wistar rats at doses of 10, 100 and 750ppm for 104weeks. The viability/mortality of these rats was not affected by treatment with metamifop.

Acute treatment with methotrexate induces hippocampal dysfunction in a mouse model of breast cancer.

Methotrexate (MTX) is a well-known cytostatic agent used in adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer, that has neurological side effects, including depression and cognitive impairment. We investigated the neurotoxic effects of MTX on the hippocampus and hippocampus-dependent behaviors in breast cancer cell line (FM3A)-inoculated tumor-bearing mice. In addition, we evaluated the changes in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in the hippocampus of tumor-bearing mice after treatment with MTX.