Discordance in Secular Trends of Bone Mineral Density Measurements in Different Ages of Postmenopausal Women.

Background: Age-adjusted bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women decreases in developed countries whereas incidence of osteoporotic fracture decreases or remains stable. We investigated secular trends of bone density from 2008 to 2017 among different age groups of postmenopausal women.

Methods: We analyzed BMD data obtained from health check-ups of 4,905 postmenopausal women during three survey cycles from 2008 to 2017.

The analgesic effect of lumbar sympathetic ganglion block in patients with failed back surgery syndrome.

Background: Persistent or recurrent lumbosacral pain is a common symptom after spinal surgery. Several interventions have been introduced for failed back surgery syndrome; however, their clinical efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness are insufficient. Sympathetic ganglion block has been selected for pain associated with the sympathetic nervous system.

Correlation Between the Extent of Injectate Spread and Clinical Outcomes in Cervical Interlaminar Epidural Injection.

Background: Cervical interlaminar epidural injection (CILEI) is commonly used to treat acute or chronic pain that affects the head, neck, and upper extremities. Thus far, studies on CILEI have focused on determining the optimal volume of contrast medium or analyzing the spread of contrast medium during a CILEI. To our knowledge, few studies have attempted to assess the correlation between epidurogram patterns and clinical outcomes of CILEI.

Effect of Pregabalin Combined with Duloxetine and Tramadol on Allodynia in Chronic Postischemic Pain and Spinal Nerve Ligation Mouse Models.

Although there are various drugs for Neuropathic pain (NP), the effects of single drugs are often not very satisfactory. The analgesic effects of different combinations of pregabalin, duloxetine, and tramadol or the combination of all three are still unclear. Mixtures of two or three drugs at low and high concentrations (7.

Traumatic Globe Subluxation Accompanied by Traumatic Optic Neuropathy.

A 52-year-old, alcohol-intoxicated woman suffered periorbital trauma to the left eye and presented to the emergency department with proptosis and complaints of decreased vision in the left eye. Physical examination revealed loss of light perception (LP), relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), pupil dilatation, and corneal epithelial defect of the left eye. In addition, the fundus of the left eye was not easily visible due to severe corneal abrasion and edema, but there was no retinal detachment or vitreous hemorrhage on B-scan ultrasonography.

Small-Incision Sutureless Surgical Technique for Subconjunctival Orbital Fat Prolapse.

Surgical outcomes of 20 patients treated by one surgeon between March 2014 and August 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. The authors included 20 patients with subconjunctival orbital fat prolapse (SOFP) treated by a small-incision, sutureless surgical technique using local anesthesia. All patients were followed for at least 3 months postoperatively.

Correlation Between Lacrimal Syringing Test and Dacryoscintigraphy in Patients With Epiphora.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the lacrimal syringing test (LST) and dacryoscintigraphy (DSG) in patients with epiphora. The authors retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients who underwent both LST and DSG from March 2016 to February 2018. From this, 636 eyes of 336 patients with a mean age of 61.

Surgical Outcomes of Endoscopic Conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy Using a Castroviejo Double-Ended Lacrimal Dilator.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the surgical method of endoscopic conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy with Jones tube insertion using a Castroviejo double-ended lacrimal dilator and to elucidate the surgical outcomes.

Methods: Under general anesthesia and preoperative epinephrine soaking, a monopolar needle cautery instrument was used to remove the nasal mucosa over the lacrimal and maxillary bone junction. After the lacrimal and maxillary bone junction was exposed, an oval osteotomy was formed.

Idiopathic Orbital Inflammation With Superior Rectus and Levator Complex may be Misdiagnosed as Involutional Ptosis.

Idiopathic orbital inflammation (IOI) is a benign inflammatory disease usually confined to the orbit. Two middle-aged patients with IOI have been reported who could have been misdiagnosed as involutional ptosis. Two patients presented to the clinic with eyelid ptosis.

Effect of intraoperative Hartmann's versus hypotonic solution administration on FLACC pain scale scores in children: A prospective randomized controlled trial.

Background: In healthy children, an isotonic solution containing no glucose or a small amount of glucose (1-2%) has been recommended as an intraoperative maintenance fluid due to the potential risk of hyponatremia associated with hypotonic solutions. However, a hypotonic solution with glucose is still widely used as a maintenance fluid for pediatric anesthesia. We speculated that the hypotonic solution may worsen postoperative discomfort and irritability in pediatric patients due to hyponatremia.

Effectiveness and Satisfaction Degree of Transconjunctival-Approach Lower Blepharoplasty Combined With Pinch Skin Excision Technique.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness and satisfaction of transconjunctival-approach lower blepharoplasty combined with a pinch skin excision technique between young patients (younger than 60 years of age) and elderly patients (older than 60 years of age) in Korea. The medical records of 69 patients who underwent transconjunctival-approach lower blepharoplasty combined with a pinch skin excision technique from January 2003 to February 2018 were reviewed. Success rate postoperative complications, and degree of satisfaction with the surgical technique were evaluated and statistically compared between the 2 different age groups.

A Comparison of Surgical Outcomes of Two Combination Surgeries for Involutional Entropion: Fixing 3 vs 2 Pathologic Components.

The purpose of this study was to compare the surgical outcomes of two combinational surgeries for involutional entropion: Inferior retractor tightening (IRT) + lateral tarsal strip (LTS) + skin muscle excision (SME) vs LTS + SME. The authors reviewed the records of 2 groups which were made up of 80 (85 eyelids) and 58 (63 eyelids) involutional entropion patients with 71.4 and 71.

Remifentanil Alleviates Propofol-Induced Burst Suppression without Affecting Bispectral Index in Female Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The bispectral index is affected by various factors, such as noxious stimuli and other drugs, such as muscle relaxants. The burst suppression ratio from bispectral index monitoring is correlated with electroencephalographic burst suppression, which is associated with deep anesthesia, metabolic disorders, and brain injury. We assessed patients undergoing total intravenous anesthesia and examined the effects of remifentanil on the bispectral index, burst suppression ratio, and hemodynamic changes immediately after loss of consciousness with propofol.

Comparison between Post-Operative Analgesic Efficacy of Low-Concentration High-Volume and High-Concentration Low-Volume Combinations of Ropivacaine for Transverse Abdominis Plane Block in Pediatric Open Inguinal Hernia Repair.

Transverse abdominis plane (TAP) block can provide post-operative analgesia in children undergoing open inguinal hernia repair. However, the optimal anesthetic dose, and concentration for TAP block in the pediatric population, is not well defined. This study compared the post-operative analgesic effect of TAP block between low-concentration, with high-volume (LCHV) and high-concentration, with low-volume (HCLV) combinations of local anesthetic.

The Effects of Iloprost on Oxygenation During One-Lung Ventilation for Lung Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Hypoxemia can occur during one-lung ventilation (OLV) in thoracic surgery, leading to perioperative complications. Inhaled iloprost is a selective pulmonary vasodilator with efficacy in patients with pulmonary hypertension. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of off-label inhaled iloprost on oxygenation during OLV in patients undergoing lung surgery.

Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Is Inversely Associated With the Psoas Muscle Index in Both Male and Female Patients Scheduled for Living Donor Liver Transplantation.

Background: Patients on a waiting list for liver transplantation frequently show core muscle wasting, referred to as sarcopenia, which results in poor prognosis. To date, there has been a lack of research on the association between inflammation mediators, including cytokines, and loss of core muscle mass in cirrhotic patients scheduled for living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).

Methods: Cytokines in serum, such as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, were retrospectively investigated in 234 LDLT patients 1 day before surgery.

Granulomatous Inflammation of the Upper Eyelid After Autologous Fat Injection.

A 45-year-old female came to the clinic complaining of periorbital swelling and ptosis on the left upper eyelid that had started 6 months previously. She had received an autologous fat injection in the forehead 6 months prior, and there was no other ophthalmologic history. There were no abnormal findings, including pupil, extraocular movement, or fundus examination.

A Randomized Clinical Trial of Synbiotics in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Dose-Dependent Effects on Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Fatigue.

Background: This double-blind, randomized controlled design study aimed to assess the dose-dependent effects of synbiotics on gastrointestinal symptoms of and fatigue in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Methods: Thirty subjects with IBS were randomly assigned into the following three groups and received 2 capsules a day for 8 weeks: (1) high-dose (2 capsules of synbiotics); (2) low-dose (1 capsule of synbiotics and 1 capsule of placebo); and (3) placebo (2 capsules of placebo). At baseline and 8 weeks, they completed the study questionnaires.

Acid Inhibitory Effect of a Combination of Omeprazole and Sodium Bicarbonate (CDFR0209) Compared With Delayed-Release Omeprazole 40 mg Alone in Healthy Adult Male Subjects.

CDFR0209, a combination of an immediate-release formulation of omeprazole 40 mg and sodium bicarbonate 1100 mg, has been developed to treat acid-related disorders. We compared the acid inhibitory effects of CDFR0209 and delayed-release omeprazole (omeprazole-DR, Losec 40 mg) after repeated dosing in Helicobacter pylori-negative healthy adult male subjects. In this 2-period crossover study, 30 subjects were randomized to CDFR0209 or omeprazole-DR daily for 7 days.

Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint: a case report.

Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a rare disease. The most common symptoms of this disease are acute malocclusion, limited mouth opening, swelling, and tenderness of affected TMJ. These symptoms are often confused with internal derangement of the articular disc, rheumatoid arthritis, retrodiscitis, or osteoarthritis.

The effect of an interfragmentary gap on the clinical outcome after mandibular angle fracture surgery.

Background/aim: The mandibular angle fracture occasionally widens at the lower border after surgery using a single miniplate. However, the effects of an interfragmentary gap have not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of gaps caused by mandibular angle fracture surgery using a single superior border miniplate technique.

Endoscopic Reconstruction of Isolated Orbital Floor Wall Fracture Considering Orbital Floor Slope.

Purpose: To present a surgical technique for the reconstruction of the orbital floor slope in patients of isolated orbital floor fracture and to evaluate the effectiveness of this technique.

Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective review of all patients who underwent reconstruction of isolated orbital floor wall fracture between June 2010 and July 2015. The authors reviewed patient demographics, degree of enophthalmos, ocular motility and diplopia test results, and surgical complications.

Efficacy and Safety of "URSA Complex" in Subjects with Physical Fatigue: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial.

Background: Fatigue is a common symptom both in diseases status and in healthy subjects. Various supplements and nutraceuticals for relieving of fatigue have been used. However, there are a few studies to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of the drug for fatigue alleviation, we conducted using URSA Complex to evaluate the efficacy on physical fatigue via score changes in the checklist individual strength (CIS).

Combined Effect of Blood Cadmium and Lead Levels on Coronary Heart Disease Prediction Risk in Korean Men.

This study was designed to investigate the combined effects of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) on 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk calculated using the Framingham risk score. The heavy metal data set of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV and V (2008-2010) was analyzed. The 10-year CHD risk was significantly associated with the log-transformed blood Cd and Pb levels in Korean men.

Vitamin A intake, serum vitamin D and bone mineral density: analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2008-2011).

The association of high vitamin A intake and low bone mineral density (BMD) is still controversial. To determine the association of dietary vitamin A intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration with BMD, a total of 6481 subjects (2907 men and 3574 women) aged ≥50 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008-2011) were divided into groups according to dietary vitamin A intake (tertiles) and serum 25(OH)D (<50, 50-75, >75 nmol/L), and evaluated for BMD after adjusting for relevant variables. Mean dietary vitamin A intakes were 737 and 600 μg RE (Retinol Equivalents) in men and women, respectively.