Suppressive Effects of Geoje Raspberry ( Nakai ex J.Y. Yang) on Post-Menopausal Osteoporosis via Its Osteogenic Activity on Osteoblast Differentiation.

Background: Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease with a high mortality rate due to non-traumatic fractures. The risk of osteoporosis is increasing globally due to an increasing aging population. Current therapies are limited to delaying disease progression.

Multidisciplinary Management of a Pediatric Patient With Congenital Anomalies Syndrome Without an Identified Genetic Mutation.

Congenital anomalies syndrome without an identified genetic mutation often presents significant challenges in pediatric care, requiring coordinated efforts across multiple specialties. This case reports a 10-year-old female patient with complex medical conditions, which exemplifies the intricate nature of managing children, necessitating long-term follow-up and comprehensive care. This case report aims to provide an in-depth analysis of her medical journey, including various interventions like tracheostomy and G-tube placement, and management strategies employed to address her congenital anomalies and associated health issues.

Glycolipids Derived from the Korean Endemic Plant Inducing Glucose Uptake in Mouse Skeletal Muscle C2C12 Cells.

spp. has been used as a traditional folk medicine worldwide for its anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, and detoxifying properties. The well-known species var.

Systematic investigation of wear-induced cold welding in ultrahigh vacuum piezoelectric motors with non-metallic coatings.

Piezoelectric motors are widely used in various applications where both precision positioning and miniaturization are required. Inertial or quasi-static motors are commonly employed because of their high accuracy, which demands consistent sliding friction between moving sliders and their static counterparts for reliable operation. In general, slider wear is unavoidable after long-term use.

Ecdysteroids from the Korean Endemic Species with Activities against Glucocorticoid Receptors and 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1.

Two new ecdysteroids, spectasterone A () and spectasterone B (), together with four known ecdysteroids, breviflorasterone (), ajugalactone (), 20-hydroxyecdysone (), and polypodine B () were isolated from the Korean endemic plant using feature-based molecular networking analysis. The chemical structures of and were determined based on the interpretation of NMR and mass spectrometric data. Their absolute configurations were established using coupling constants, NOESY interactions, Mosher's method, and ECD and DP4+ calculations.

Sharp Turns and Fluorescent Repeats: Modular Construction and Shape-Dependent Electronic Properties of π-Conjugated Chain Molecules.

In search of the design rules for structural ordering of open-chain molecules, we have built a series of zig-zag shaped π-conjugated structures with ring-fused heteroaromatics as sharp turns and tolane-based linear fragments as light-emitting units. Using only a finite number of common building blocks, an efficient "double-elongation" strategy was implemented to construct a series of π-conjugated oligomers with precise length control (55-89 % yields). Our approach takes advantage of the modular nature of the bis(triazolo)benzene synthesis and the masked reactivity of the nitro group.

TOM1 Regulates Neuronal Accumulation of Amyloid-β Oligomers by FcγRIIb2 Variant in Alzheimer's Disease.

Emerging evidences suggest that intraneuronal Aβ correlates with the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and highly contributes to neurodegeneration. However, critical mediator responsible for Aβ uptake in AD pathology needs to be clarified. Here, we report that FcγRIIb2, a variant of Fcγ-receptor IIb (FcγRIIb), functions in neuronal uptake of pathogenic Aβ.

FcγRIIb-SHIP2 axis links Aβ to tau pathology by disrupting phosphoinositide metabolism in Alzheimer's disease model.

Amyloid-β (Aβ)-containing extracellular plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau-loaded intracellular neurofibrillary tangles are neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although Aβ exerts neuropathogenic activity through tau, the mechanistic link between Aβ and tau pathology remains unknown. Here, we showed that the FcγRIIb-SHIP2 axis is critical in Aβ-induced tau pathology.

Clinical Efficacy of Ertapenem for Recurrent Cystitis Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Female Outpatients.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of ertapenem administered as an outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy for intractable cystitis caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a case series of 3 years of therapeutic experience with ertapenem for intractable recurrent cystitis caused by ESBL-producing E. coli.

Pou5f1 protein expression and posttranslational modification during early zebrafish development.

Background: Pou5f1/Oct4 is a transcription factor essential for maintenance of pluripotency in mammals and for control of blastula and gastrula stage gene regulatory networks in zebrafish. Information on Pou5f1 protein distribution was before this study not available for zebrafish. Therefore, we generated polyclonal antibodies that selectively recognize Pou5f1 and analyzed its protein distribution and modification during development.

Non-directional radial intercalation dominates deep cell behavior during zebrafish epiboly.

Epiboly is the first coordinated cell movement in most vertebrates and marks the onset of gastrulation. During zebrafish epiboly, enveloping layer (EVL) and deep cells spread over the vegetal yolk mass with a concomitant thinning of the deep cell layer. A prevailing model suggests that deep cell radial intercalations directed towards the EVL would drive deep cell epiboly.

FcγRIIb mediates amyloid-β neurotoxicity and memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease.

Amyloid-β (Aβ) induces neuronal loss and cognitive deficits and is believed to be a prominent cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the cellular pathology of the disease is not fully understood. Here, we report that IgG Fcγ receptor II-b (FcγRIIb) mediates Aβ neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. We found that FcγRIIb is significantly upregulated in the hippocampus of AD brains and neuronal cells exposed to synthetic Aβ.

Biological function of nuclear receptor tyrosine kinase action.

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) were believed until recently to act at the cell membrane in a singular fashion (i.e., binding of ligands on the extracellular domain would activate the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity in the intracellular domain), which would then start a cascade involving other intracellular signaling molecules that would act as effectors.

Pou5f1-dependent EGF expression controls E-cadherin endocytosis, cell adhesion, and zebrafish epiboly movements.

Initiation of motile cell behavior in embryonic development occurs during late blastula stages when gastrulation begins. At this stage, the strong adhesion of blastomeres has to be modulated to enable dynamic behavior, similar to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions. We show that, in zebrafish maternal and zygotic (MZ)spg embryos mutant for the stem cell transcription factor Pou5f1/Oct4, which are severely delayed in the epiboly gastrulation movement, all blastomeres are defective in E-cadherin (E-cad) endosomal trafficking, and E-cad accumulates at the plasma membrane.

Role of S5b/PSMD5 in proteasome inhibition caused by TNF-α/NFκB in higher eukaryotes.

The ubiquitin-proteasome system is essential for maintaining protein homeostasis. However, proteasome dysregulation in chronic diseases is poorly understood. Through genome-wide cell-based screening using 5,500 cDNAs, a signaling pathway leading to NFκB activation was selected as an inhibitor of 26S proteasome.

The nuclear inclusion a (NIa) protease of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) cleaves amyloid-β.

Background: The nuclear inclusion a (NIa) protease of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is responsible for the processing of the viral polyprotein into functional proteins. NIa was previously shown to possess a relatively strict substrate specificity with a preference for Val-Xaa-His-Gln↓, with the scissile bond located after Gln. The presence of the same consensus sequence, Val(12)-His-His-Gln(15), near the presumptive α-secretase cleavage site of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide led us to hypothesize that NIa could possess activity against Aβ.

Zebrafish Pou5f1-dependent transcriptional networks in temporal control of early development.

The transcription factor POU5f1/OCT4 controls pluripotency in mammalian ES cells, but little is known about its functions in the early embryo. We used time-resolved transcriptome analysis of zebrafish pou5f1 MZspg mutant embryos to identify genes regulated by Pou5f1. Comparison to mammalian systems defines evolutionary conserved Pou5f1 targets.

SCAMP5 links endoplasmic reticulum stress to the accumulation of expanded polyglutamine protein aggregates via endocytosis inhibition.

Accumulation of expanded polyglutamine proteins is considered to be a major pathogenic biomarker of Huntington disease. We isolated SCAMP5 as a novel regulator of cellular accumulation of expanded polyglutamine track protein using cell-based aggregation assays. Ectopic expression of SCAMP5 augments the formation of ubiquitin-positive and detergent-resistant aggregates of mutant huntingtin (mtHTT).

E2-25K/Hip-2 regulates caspase-12 in ER stress-mediated Abeta neurotoxicity.

Amyloid-beta (Abeta) neurotoxicity is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previously we found that E2-25K/Hip-2, an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, mediates Abeta neurotoxicity. Here, we report that E2-25K/Hip-2 modulates caspase-12 activity via the ubiquitin/proteasome system.

AK2 activates a novel apoptotic pathway through formation of a complex with FADD and caspase-10.

Mitochondrial proteins function as essential regulators in apoptosis. Here, we show that mitochondrial adenylate kinase 2 (AK2) mediates mitochondrial apoptosis through the formation of an AK2-FADD-caspase-10 (AFAC10) complex. Downregulation of AK2 attenuates etoposide- or staurosporine-induced apoptosis in human cells, but not that induced by tumour-necrosis-factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) or Fas ligand (FasL).

Regulation of type II collagen expression by cyclin-dependent kinase 6, cyclin D1, and p21 in articular chondrocytes.

This study examined whether cell cycle regulatory proteins, such as cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), cyclins, and CDK inhibitors, regulate type II collagen expression and mediate interlukin-1 (IL-1beta)-induced suppression of type II collagen expression in articular chondrocytes. IL-1beta inhibited type II collagen expression, but activated CDK6. Ectopic expression of CDK2 did not alter type II collagen expression.

Marinimicrobium koreense gen. nov., sp. nov. and Marinimicrobium agarilyticum sp. nov., novel moderately halotolerant bacteria isolated from tidal flat sediment in Korea.

Two moderately halotolerant Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from tidal flat sediment of the South Sea in Korea (the Korea Strait). The strains, designated M9T and M18T, were strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming and motile with a flagellum and their major fatty acids were C(16:0) and C(19:0) cyclo omega8c. Strains M9T and M18T could grow in the presence of up to 13-15% (w/v) NaCl, but their optimum salt concentrations were relatively low (0-3%, w/v).

Halomonas taeanensis sp. nov., a novel moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a solar saltern in Korea.

A moderately halophilic, Gram-negative bacterium, strain BH539(T), which was isolated from a solar saltern at Taean in Korea, was considered to be a member of the genus Halomonas. Strain BH539(T) grew at salinities of 1-25% (w/v) and at temperatures of 10-45 degrees C. Cells were short rods that were motile by means of several flagella.

Lentibacillus lacisalsi sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a saline lake in China.

An aerobic, spore-forming, moderately halophilic bacterium, strain BH260(T), was isolated from a salt lake in China. Cells of this strain were found to be motile rods with flagella. The organism grew optimally at 30-32 degrees C and pH 8.