Changes in Parameters after High Tibial Osteotomy: Comparison of EOS System and Computed Tomographic Analysis.

Unintended rotation of the distal tibia occurs during medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO). Computed tomography (CT) is the standard method of measuring lower limb alignment; however, the new low-dose EOS system allows three-dimensional limb modeling with automated measurements of lower limb alignment. This study investigated the differences between the changes in lower limb alignment profiles obtained using the EOS system and CT in patients who underwent MOWHTO.

Self-evolving vision transformer for chest X-ray diagnosis through knowledge distillation.

Although deep learning-based computer-aided diagnosis systems have recently achieved expert-level performance, developing a robust model requires large, high-quality data with annotations that are expensive to obtain. This situation poses a conundrum that annually-collected chest x-rays cannot be utilized due to the absence of labels, especially in deprived areas. In this study, we present a framework named distillation for self-supervision and self-train learning (DISTL) inspired by the learning process of the radiologists, which can improve the performance of vision transformer simultaneously with self-supervision and self-training through knowledge distillation.

T2/FLAIR Hyperintensity in Mesial Temporal Lobe: Challenging Differential Diagnosis.

T2/FLAIR hyperintensity in the mesial temporal lobe is the most common MR finding of herpes simplex encephalitis, but may be observed in other infectious and non-infectious diseases. The former includes herpes human virus 6 encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, and neurosyphilis, and the latter autoimmune encephalitis, gliomatosis cerebri, bilateral or paradoxical posterior cerebral artery infarction, status epilepticus, and hippocampal sclerosis. Thus, T2/FLAIR hyperintensity in the mesial temporal lobe is not a disease-specific magnetic resonance imaging finding, and these conditions must be differentiated to ensure proper treatment.

Multi-task vision transformer using low-level chest X-ray feature corpus for COVID-19 diagnosis and severity quantification.

Developing a robust algorithm to diagnose and quantify the severity of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using Chest X-ray (CXR) requires a large number of well-curated COVID-19 datasets, which is difficult to collect under the global COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, CXR data with other findings are abundant. This situation is ideally suited for the Vision Transformer (ViT) architecture, where a lot of unlabeled data can be used through structural modeling by the self-attention mechanism.

Impact of Computed Tomography-Quantified Emphysema Score on Clinical Outcome in Patients with COVID-19.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is considered a risk factor for poor outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, data on the prognostic impact of radiological emphysema extent on patients with COVID-19 are limited. Thus, this study aimed to examine whether computed tomography (CT)-quantified emphysema score is associated with a worse clinical outcome in patients with COVID-19.

A Scalable Implementation of Anonymous Voting over Ethereum Blockchain.

We considered scalable anonymous voting on the Ethereum blockchain. We identified three major bottlenecks in implementation: (1) division overflow in encryption of voting values for anonymity; (2) large time complexity in tallying, which limited scalability in the number of candidates and voters; and (3) tallying failure due to "no votes" from registered voters. Previous schemes failed at tallying if one (or more) registered voters did not send encrypted voting values.

Anomalous hyperplastic anterior choroidal artery and its mimicker: a case series.

The anomalous hyperplastic anterior choroidal artery (AchoA) is a rare anomaly due to incomplete distal annexation between the primitive AchoA and posterior cerebral artery (PCA). It is often misdiagnosed or misunderstood as a duplicated or fetal type PCA because of its supply distribution. In addition, its aneurysm incidence is much higher than the overall aneurysm incidence of AchoA.

Nasu-Hakola Disease.

Nasu-Hakola disease (NHD) is characterized by multiple bone cysts in the appendicular skeleton and progressive presenile dementia.

Prognostic Implication of Volumetric Quantitative CT Analysis in Patients with COVID-19: A Multicenter Study in Daegu, Korea.

Objective: Lung segmentation using volumetric quantitative computed tomography (CT) analysis may help predict outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between CT volumetric quantitative analysis and prognosis in patients with COVID-19.

Materials And Methods: CT images from patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from February 18 to April 15, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.

Gadolinium-Based Neuroprognostic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Agents Suppress COX-2 for Prevention of Reperfusion Injury after Stroke.

Advancements in recanalization therapies have rendered reperfusion injury an important challenge for stroke management. It is essential to work toward effective therapeutics that protect the ischemic brain from reperfusion injury. Here, we report a new concept of neuroprognostic agents, which combine molecular diagnostic imaging and targeted neuroprotection for treatment of reperfusion injury after stroke.

Preoperative embolization of suprasellar hemangioblastoma supplied by artery of foramen rotundum: a case report and review of the literature.

We present the case of 69-year-old woman who underwent preoperative embolization of a suprasellar hemangioblastoma supplied by the artery of foramen rotundum. To our best knowledge, this is the first such report in English. We review the literature focusing on feeding arteries of sellar and suprasellar hemangioblastomas.

Unexpected Intradural Lumbar Disk Herniation Found During Transforaminal Endoscopic Surgery.

Background: Intradural disk herniation (IDH) is defined as the displacement of the intervertebral disk nucleus pulposus into the dural sac. In this lumbar lesion, the affected level differs from that of a traditional extradural herniation: 55% of cases occur at the level of L4-5, 16% at L3-4, and 10% at L5-S1. Upper lumbar IDH is extremely rare.

Effects of a Mixed Reality-based Cognitive Training System Compared to a Conventional Computer-assisted Cognitive Training System on Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Study.

Background: Mixed reality (MR) technology, which combines the best features of augmented reality and virtual reality, has recently emerged as a promising tool in cognitive rehabilitation therapy.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of an MR-based cognitive training system for individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods: Twenty-one individuals aged 65 years and older who had been diagnosed with MCI were recruited for this study and were divided into two groups.

Comprehensive understanding of vascular anatomy for endovascular treatment of intractable oronasal bleeding.

Oronasal bleeding that continues despite oronasal packs or recurs after removal of the oronasal packs is referred to as intractable oronasal bleeding, which is refractory to conventional treatments. Severe craniofacial injury or tumor in the nasal or paranasal cavity may cause intractable oronasal bleeding. These intractable cases are subsequently treated with surgical ligation or endovascular embolization of the bleeding arteries.

Effect of three-dimensional spine stabilization exercise on trunk muscle strength and gait ability in chronic stroke patients: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Three-dimensional spine stabilization exercise can strengthen the trunk muscles with minimal spine movement.

Objective: To investigate the effects of the newly developed Spine Balance three-dimensional (3D) system on trunk strength and gait abilities of chronic stroke patients.

Methods: Twenty-four chronic stroke patients were randomly assigned to an experimental (n = 12) or control group (n = 12).

Relationship between dynamic balance and spatiotemporal gait symmetry in hemiplegic patients with chronic stroke.

Background: Poor dynamic balance, which is common after stroke, may affect gait function. In particular, spatiotemporal asymmetrical gait patterns may occur in hemiplegic patients after stroke.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the relationship between dynamic balance and spatiotemporal gait symmetry in patients with chronic hemiplegic stroke.

Effects of visual fatigue caused by smartphones on balance function in healthy adults.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of visual fatigue caused by smartphone use on balance function. [Subjects and Methods] The participants consisted of 22 healthy male and female adults. Their postural stability, limit of stability, and limit of stability running time were evaluated using a computerized posturography apparatus before and after inducing visual fatigue.

Effects of 3-Dimensional Lumbar Stabilization Training for Balance in Chronic Hemiplegic Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To investigate the effects of the newly developed Spine Balance 3D system on the balance and gait abilities of hemiplegic stroke patients.

Methods: Twenty-eight hemiplegic patients with chronic stroke were randomly assigned to an experimental (n=14) or control group (n=14). The experimental and control groups performed balance training by using the newly developed Spine Balance 3D system and the well-known Biodex Balance System 30 minutes per day, three times a week for 7 weeks.

Effects of treadmill training with the eyes closed on gait and balance ability of chronic stroke patients.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of treadmill walking with the eyes closed and open on the gait and balance abilities of chronic stroke patients. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty patients with chronic stroke participated in this study. The treadmill gait training for each group lasted 40 minutes, and sessions were held 3 times a week for 4 weeks.

Effect of blocked vision treadmill training on knee joint proprioception of patients with chronic stroke.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of treadmill training with the eyes closed and eyes open on the joint position sense of chronic stroke patients. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty patients with chronic stroke participated in this study. Patients performed the timed up and go test and were assigned to one of two treadmill training groups with and without visual deprivation.

Percutaneous short-segment pedicle screw placement without fusion in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures: is it effective?: comparative study with open short-segment pedicle screw fixation with posterolateral fusion.

Background: Since introduction of the pedicle screw-rod system, short-segment pedicle screw fixation has been widely adopted for thoracolumbar burst fractures (TLBF). Recently, the percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (PPSF) systems have been introduced in spinal surgery; and it has become a popularly used method for the treatment of degenerative spinal disease. However, there are few clinical reports concerning the efficacy of PPSF without fusion in treatment of TLBF.

The transdural approach for thoracic disc herniations: a technical note.

Surgery for thoracic disc herniations is still challenging, and the disc excision via a posterior laminectomy is considered risky. A variety of dorsolateral and ventral approaches have been developed. However, the lateral extracavitary and transthoracic approach require extensive surgical exposure.

Intradural spinal metastasis to the cauda equina in renal cell carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature.

Study Design: Case description.

Objectives: To describe a case of intradural metastasis from a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) spread to the cauda equina, and review the pertinent medical literature.

Summary Of Background Data: Intradural spinal metastasis is rare, accounting for 6% of all spinal metastases.

The efficacy of the synthetic interbody cage and Grafton for anterior cervical fusion.

Study Design: Prospective study of 31 patients who underwent anterior cervical fusion.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cages and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

Summary Of Background Data: Although high fusion rates can be achieved with autogenous bone grafts, donor-site morbidity affects the patient's satisfaction with the surgical outcome.