Cost-Utility Analysis of Early Detection with Ultrasonography of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Retrospective Study on a Korean Population.

Backgruound: There is debate about ultrasonography screening for thyroid cancer and its cost-effectiveness. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of early screening (ES) versus symptomatic detection (SD) for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in Korea.

Methods: A Markov decision analysis model was constructed to compare the cost-effectiveness of ES and SD.

Cost-Effectiveness of Active Surveillance Compared to Early Surgery of Small Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Retrospective Study on a Korean Population.

Background: Recently, active surveillance (AS) has been introduced as an alternative to early surgery (ES) for the management of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), because of its indolent features and low mortality. However, its cost effects have not been determined and the findings of current studies differ, according to each country's medical system.

Methods: A Markov model was constructed to compare the cost-effectiveness of AS and ES, based on a reference case of a 40-year-old patient diagnosed with PTMC.

An Industry Survey on Unmet Needs in South Korea's New Drug Listing System.

Introduction: Since introducing the positive listing system in 2007, the South Korean government has undergone multiple changes in its drug listing system. As there is a lack of studies that evaluate the system from an industry perspective, this paper examined South Korea's new drug listing system from the suppliers' perspective.

Methods: We surveyed members of the three main pharmaceutical industry associations online.

Effects of Frequent Smartphone Use on Sleep Problems in Children under 7 Years of Age in Korea: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study.

The use of electronic screen devices has a negative effect on sleep. The purpose of this study is to longitudinally examine the effects of various screen use on sleep problems in children under 7 years of age. A total of 314 caregivers of children aged 4−7 years from three cities in Korea were recruited and responded to a self-administered questionnaire from 2017 to 2020.

Relationship between screen time among children and lower economic status during elementary school closures due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Background: This study aimed to examine whether the extended use of a variety of digital screen devices was associated with lower economic status and other environmental factors among Korean elementary school children and their caregivers during school closures precipitated by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods: A total of 217 caregivers of children 7-12 years of age from Suwon, Korea, were recruited and asked to respond to a self-administered questionnaire in June 2020. The questionnaire addressed demographic information and children's use of digital media, in addition to their caregivers.

Trends in the pricing and reimbursement of new anticancer drugs in South Korea: an analysis of listed anticancer drugs during the past three years.

: This study aimed to examine patient accessibility to new anticancer drugs including reimbursement coverage, time to listing, and listing price during the recent 3 years after the introduction of alternative pricing and reimbursement pathways in South Korea.: Anticancer drugs were selected for analysis from the new drugs reviewed from January 2017 to March 2020. Descriptive statistics were used to present the levels of the listing prices.

Price-Cutting Trends in New Drugs after Listing in South Korea: The Effect of the Reimbursement Review Pathway on Price Reduction.

This study aims to analyze the trends of post-listing price changes for new drugs listed from 2007, when the health technology assessment (HTA) was introduced in South Korea, until 2017. We analyzed 135 products that have undergone price cuts. These products were analyzed by their respective review pathways, namely, pharmaco-economic study (PE), weighted average price (WAP), and the without a cost-effectiveness (CE) pathway.

The current state of patient access to new drugs in South Korea under the positive list system: evaluation of the changes since the new review pathways.

: This study aims to provide an up-to-date analysis of the current state of patient access to new drugs in South Korea, focusing on the effect of new review pathways for reimbursement. : We analyzed patients' access to new drugs, listing rate and lead time until listing from marketing authorization. New pathways were defined as 'price negotiation waiver,' 'risk-sharing agreements,' and 'pharmacoeconomic evaluation exemption.

Cost-Utility Analysis of Sacubitril/Valsartan Use Compared With Standard Care in Chronic Heart Failure Patients With Reduced Ejection Fraction in South Korea.

Purpose: Sacubitril/valsartan, the first-in-class angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), is a possible treatment option for chronic heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The aim of this study was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of sacubitril/valsartan use in South Korea for treating patients with HFrEF compared with that of enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and with angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs).

Methods: A Markov model was designed to estimate the lifetime cost-effectiveness of treatment for patients with HFrEF.

Reference values of hematology, biochemistry, and blood type in cynomolgus monkeys from cambodia origin.

Cynomolgus monkeys as nonhuman primates are valuable animal models because they have a high level of human gene homology. There are many reference values for hematology and biochemistry of Cynomolgus monkeys that are needed for proper clinical diagnosis and biomedical research conduct. The body weight information and blood type are also key success factors in allogeneic or xenogeneic models.

Post-metastasis survival in extremity soft tissue sarcoma: a recursive partitioning analysis of prognostic factors.

Background: Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) enables grouping of patients into homogeneous prognostic groups in a visually intuitive form and has the capacity to account for complex interactions among prognostic variables. In this study, we employed RPA to generate a prognostic model for extremity soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients with metastatic disease.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 135 patients with metastatic STS who had undergone surgical removal of their primary tumours.

Comparison of combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma with hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Purpose: Combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma (HCC-CC) is a rare primary hepatic neoplasm (PHN) with features of both hepatocellular and biliary differentiation. We compared the outcome of hepatic resection in patients with HCC-CC, those with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and those with cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).

Methods: Between November 1994 and December 2003, 952 patients underwent hepatic resection for a PHN.