Carbon ion beam radioresistant rodent cells are sensitized to trifluorothymidine exposure.

Although charged particle therapy, including carbon ion beam radiation, is a cutting-edge technology in human cancer treatment, the molecular mechanisms underlying cellular resistance to this type of therapy remain unknown. Furthermore, the chemotherapeutic agents that are most effective at overcoming cellular resistance remain unknown. In the present study, carbon ion beam radioresistant rodent cells were developed and their sensitization to trifluorothymidine (FTD), a derivative of deoxythymidine, was studied.

MicroRNA miR-374, a potential radiosensitizer for carbon ion beam radiotherapy.

In this study, we compared the microRNA (miRNA) profiles of a control and X-ray- and carbon ion beam-resistant cells to identify miRNAs that can be used as radiosensitizers and biomarkers. Mouse squamous cell carcinoma line NR-S1, its X-ray-resistant derivative X60, and its carbon ion beam‑resistant derivative C30 were subjected to miRNA microarray analysis. Expression of miRNAs shown to be upregulated or downregulated in the microarray analysis was confirmed by qRT-PCR.

Salvage high-dose-rate brachytherapy for isolated vaginal recurrence of endometrial cancer.

Purpose: We have retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy as a salvage therapy for vaginal recurrence of endometrial cancer.

Methods And Materials: From 1997 to 2012, salvage HDR brachytherapy was performed in 43 patients. The median age was 64 years (range, 41-88 years).

Characterization of in vitro radiosensitization in mammalian cells using biomathematical modelling: implications for hypofractionated radiotherapy with a combined modality approach.

Objective: It is unclear whether radiosensitization is beneficial when radiotherapy is administered at a high dose per fraction. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of radiation dose on the effectiveness of a broad range of radiosensitizers.

Methods: We analyzed 653 pairs of clonogenic survival curves in 285 published articles, in which modifications of radiosensitivity were studied using the colony-forming assay.

Cancer stem cells: The potential of carbon ion beam radiation and new radiosensitizers (Review).

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small population of cells in cancer with stem-like properties such as cell proliferation, multiple differentiation and tumor initiation capacities. CSCs are therapy-resistant and cause cancer metastasis and recurrence. One key issue in cancer therapy is how to target and eliminate CSCs, in order to cure cancer completely without relapse and metastasis.

Definitive radiotherapy for primary vaginal cancer: correlation between treatment patterns and recurrence rate.

The purpose of this study was to determine the outcomes and optimal practice patterns of definitive radiotherapy for primary vaginal cancer. Between 1993 and 2012, 49 patients were treated with definitive radiotherapy for primary vaginal cancer in three hospitals. Of these, 15 patients (31%) had clinically positive regional lymph node metastasis.

Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy using CyberKnife as a boost treatment for head and neck cancer, a multi-institutional survey: impact of planning target volume.

Aim: To evaluate the role of hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (hSRT) as a boost treatment for head and neck cancer.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a multi-institutional retrospective review for the outcome of boost irradiation using CyberKnife for head and neck cancer patients from the charts of four Institutes. Twenty-five patients were treated with hSRT boost for primary site with a median follow-up of 28 months.

Three-dimensional image-based high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy for mobile tongue cancer.

To investigate the influence of a 3D image-based treatment-planning method for high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy (HDR-ISBT) for mobile tongue cancer, we analyzed dose-volume histogram results for the clinical target volume (CTV) and the mandible. Between October 2010 and November 2011, one and four patients having T2 and T3 tumors, respectively, were treated with HDR-ISBT. Multiplane implantation using 9-15 treatment applicators was performed.