Modulation of stress granule dynamics by phosphorylation and ubiquitination in plants.

The Arabidopsis tandem CCCH zinc finger 1 (TZF1) is an RNA-binding protein that plays a pivotal role in plant growth and stress response. In this report, we show that TZF1 contains two intrinsically disordered regions necessary for its localization to stress granules (SGs). TZF1 recruits mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling components and an E3 ubiquitin ligase KEEP-ON-GOING (KEG) to SGs.

Molecular Packing Topology and Interactions to Decipher Mechanical Compliances in Dicyano-Distyrylbenzene Derivatives.

Flexible optoelectronics is the need of the hour as the market moves toward wearable and conformable devices. Crystalline π-conjugated materials offer high performance as active materials compared to their amorphous counterpart, but they are typically brittle. This poses a significant challenge that needs to be overcome to unfold their potential in optoelectronic devices.

Dual phosphorylation of DGK5-mediated PA burst regulates ROS in plant immunity.

Phosphatidic acid (PA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial cellular messengers mediating diverse signaling processes in metazoans and plants. How PA homeostasis is tightly regulated and intertwined with ROS signaling upon immune elicitation remains elusive. We report here that Arabidopsis diacylglycerol kinase 5 (DGK5) regulates plant pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI).

Study of Through Glass Via (TGV) Using Bessel Beam, Ultrashort Two-Pulses of Laser and Selective Chemical Etching.

Selective laser etching is a promising candidate for the mass production of glass interposers. It comprises two steps: local modification by an ultrashort-pulsed laser and chemical etching of the modified volume. According to previous studies, when an ultrashort-pulsed laser beam is irradiated on the sample, electron excitation occurs, followed by phonon vibration.

Co-immunoprecipitation for Assessing Protein-Protein Interactions in Agrobacterium-Mediated Transient Expression System in Nicotiana benthamiana.

The characterization of protein-protein interactions (PPI) often provides functional information about a target protein. Yeast-two-hybrid (Y2H) and luminescence/fluorescence-based detections, therefore, have been widely utilized for assessing PPI. In addition, a co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) method has also been adopted with transient protein expression in Nicotiana benthamiana (N.

Are curiosity and situational interest different? Exploring distinct antecedents and consequences.

Background: A controversy over the distinction between curiosity and situational interest has recently resurfaced. Nonetheless, empirical research comparing the two is noticeably lacking.

Aims: We attempted to fill this gap and provide much-needed evidence of the distinction between curiosity and situational interest by examining the antecedents and consequences of the two constructs.

A phospho-switch constrains BTL2-mediated phytocytokine signaling in plant immunity.

Enabling and constraining immune activation is of fundamental importance in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Depleting BAK1 and SERK4, the co-receptors of multiple pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), abolishes pattern-triggered immunity but triggers intracellular NOD-like receptor (NLR)-mediated autoimmunity with an elusive mechanism. By deploying RNAi-based genetic screens in Arabidopsis, we identified BAK-TO-LIFE 2 (BTL2), an uncharacterized receptor kinase, sensing BAK1/SERK4 integrity.

A 3D Miniaturized Glass Magnetic-Active Centrifugal Micropump Fabricated by SLE Process and Laser Welding.

A miniaturized pump to manipulate liquid flow in microchannels is the key component of microfluidic devices. Many researchers have demonstrated active microfluidic pumps, but most of them still required additional large peripherals to operate their micropumps. In addition, those micropumps were made of polymer materials so that their application may be limited to a variety of fields that require harsh conditions at high pressures and temperatures or organic solvents and acid/base.

Role of Perceived Competence and Task Interest in Learning From Negative Feedback.

We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the interactive effects of perceived competence and task interest on the cognitive and affective responses to negative feedback. Twenty-four undergraduates performed both interesting and uninteresting tasks and received failure feedback. The participants' perceived competence in the task was manipulated between subjects prior to scanning with bogus feedback.

A Thermocycler Using a Chip Resistor Heater and a Glass Microchip for a Portable and Rapid Microchip-Based PCR Device.

This study proposes a rapid and inexpensive thermocycler that enables rapid heating of samples using a thin glass chip and a cheap chip resistor to overcome the on-site diagnostic limitations of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Microchip PCR devices have emerged to miniaturize conventional PCR systems and reduce operation time and cost. In general, PCR microchips require a thin-film heater fabricated through a semiconductor process, which is a complicated process, resulting in high costs.

Three-dimensional wavelength-division multiplexing interconnects based on a low-loss SiN arrayed waveguide grating.

We fabricate three-dimensional wavelength-division multiplexing (3D-WDM) interconnects comprising three SiN layers using a CMOS-compatible process. In these interconnects, the optical signals are coupled directly to a SiN grating coupler in the middle SiN layer and demultiplexed by a 1 × 4 SiN array waveguide grating (AWG). The demultiplexed optical signals are interconnected from the middle SiN layer to the bottom and top SiN layers by four SiON interlayer couplers.

Conformal Graphene Directly Synthesized on a Femtosecond Laser-Scribed In-Fiber Microstructure for High-Energy Ultrafast Optical Pulses.

Despite extensive efforts to explore femtosecond lasers functionalized by nonlinear graphene (Gf) that relies on the traditional transfer process, maximizing the efficiency, customizing the nonlinear interaction, and minimizing the optical loss remain critical challenges, especially in high-energy pulse generation. We demonstrate an ultrafast nonlinear all-fiber device based on conformal Gf directly synthesized in three dimensions on the surface of an in-fiber microstructure. A femtosecond laser-induced selective etching process is used to fabricate a customized microstructure that ensures the minimum but efficient laser-Gf interaction as well as possesses excellent surface conditions to suppress absorption and scattering loss.

High-Throughput Targeted Transcriptional Profiling of Defense Genes Using RNA-Mediated Oligonucleotide Annealing, Selection, and Ligation with Next-Generation Sequencing in Arabidopsis.

Tracking RNA transcription has been one of the most powerful tools to gain insight into the biological process. While a wide range of molecular methods such as northern blotting, RNA-seq, and quantitative RT-PCR are available, one of the barriers in transcript analysis is an inability to accommodate a sufficient number of samples to achieve high resolution in dynamic transcriptional changes. RASL-seq (RNA-mediated oligonucleotide Annealing, Selection, and Ligation with next-generation sequencing) is a sequencing-based transcription profiling tool that processes hundreds of samples assessing a set of over a hundred genes with a fraction of the cost of a conventional RNA-seq.

Imaging-Based Resistance Assay Using Enhanced Luminescence-Tagged Reveals a Complex Epigenetic Network in Plant Defense Signaling Pathways.

High-throughput resistance assays in plants have a limited selection of suitable pathogens. In this study, we developed a strain chromosomally tagged with the Nanoluc luciferase (NL) from the deep-sea shrimp , a bioluminescent marker significantly brighter than the conventional firefly luciferase. Our reporter strain tagged with NL was more than 100 times brighter than tagged with the operon from , one of the existing luciferase-based strains.

Flat-top supercontinuum generation via Gaussian pulse shaping.

We present the flat-top supercontinuum source with high repetition rate over a broad bandwidth. The flatness and high repetition rate are achieved by iterative optical line-by-line spectrum shaping on electro-optic optical frequency combs. By applying Gaussian apodized pulse train to a highly nonlinear medium with optimized Gaussian coefficient and nonlinear polarization rotation techniques, we implemented here a flat-top supercontinuum with a 47.

The role of cost in adolescent students' maladaptive academic outcomes.

Motivation wields a tangible impact on students' academic functioning. Among the theoretical frameworks used to explain students' motivation to learn, Eccles et al.'s expectancy-value theory (1983) is one of the most influential.

Monolithic 3D micromixer with an impeller for glass microfluidic systems.

The performance of micromixers, namely their mixing efficiency and throughput, is a critical component in increasing the overall efficiency of microfluidic systems (e.g., lab-on-a-chip and μ-TAS).

Controllability Attribution as a Mediator in the Effect of Mindset on Achievement Goal Adoption Following Failure.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a growth mindset on achievement goal adoption in the face of failure. We also sought to investigate the mediating role of controllability attribution in order to understand the underlying process behind the effect of mindset on achievement goal adoption following failure. One hundred and seventy-two 4 and 5 grade students participated in an experimental task.

The More Interest, the Less Effort Cost Perception and Effort Avoidance.

The present study aims to investigate what factors determine students' engagement in mathematics. We examined the predictive relationships between interest, effort cost (i.e.

Efficient production of d-lactate from methane in a lactate-tolerant strain of sp. DH-1 generated by adaptive laboratory evolution.

Background: Methane, a main component of natural gas and biogas, has gained much attention as an abundant and low-cost carbon source. Methanotrophs, which can use methane as a sole carbon and energy source, are promising hosts to produce value-added chemicals from methane, but their metabolic engineering is still challenging. In previous attempts to produce lactic acid (LA) from methane, LA production levels were limited in part due to LA toxicity.

E3 SUMO ligase AtSIZ1 regulates the cruciferin content of Arabidopsis seeds.

Arabidopsis thaliana E3 SUMO ligase SIZ1 (AtSIZ1) controls vegetative growth and development, including responses to nutrient deficiency and environmental stresses. Here, we analyzed the effect of AtSIZ1 and its E3 SUMO ligase activity on the amount of seed proteins. Proteomic analysis showed that the level of three major nutrient reservoir proteins, CRUCIFERIN1 (CRU1), CRU2, and CRU3, was reduced in the siz1-2 mutant compared with the wild type.