Stearoyl-CoA desaturase in CD4 T cells suppresses tumor growth through activation of the CXCR3/CXCL11 axis in CD8 T cells.

Background: Within the tumor microenvironment, altered lipid metabolism promotes cancer cell malignancy by activating oncogenic cascades; however, impact of lipid metabolism in CD4 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) remains poorly understood. Here, we elucidated that role of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) increased by treatment with cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) supernatant in CD4 T cells on their subset differentiation and activity of CD8 T cells.

Results: In our study, we observed that CD4 TILs had higher lipid droplet content than CD4 splenic T cells.

Network Analysis of Dysregulated Immune Response to COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Hemodialysis Patients.

Introduction: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) results in immune dysfunction that is characterized by both systemic inflammation and immune incompetence, leading to impaired responses to vaccination.

Methods: To unravel the complex regulatory immune interplay in ESRD, we performed the network-based transcriptomic profiling of ESRD patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) and matched healthy controls (HCs) who received the two-dose regimen of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine BNT162b2.

Results: Co-expression networks based on blood transcription modules (BTMs) of genes differentially expressed between the HD and HC groups revealed co-expression patterns that were highly similar between the two groups but weaker in magnitude in the HD compared to HC subjects.

Longitudinal Comparative Analysis of Circulating Tumor DNA and Matched Tumor Tissue DNA in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Receiving Palliative First-Line Systemic Anti-Cancer Therapy.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare tumor tissue DNA (ttDNA) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to explore the clinical applicability of ctDNA and to better understand clonal evolution in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer undergoing palliative first-line systemic therapy.

Materials And Methods: We performed targeted sequencing analysis of 88 cancer-associated genes using germline DNA, ctDNA at baseline (baseline-ctDNA), and ctDNA at progressive disease (PD-ctDNA). The results were compared with ttDNA data.

Altered transcriptomic immune responses of maintenance hemodialysis patients to the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine.

Background: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients experience immune compromise characterized by complex alterations of both innate and adaptive immunity, and results in higher susceptibility to infection and lower response to vaccination. This immune compromise, coupled with greater risk of exposure to infectious disease at hemodialysis (HD) centers, underscores the need for examination of the immune response to the COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccines.

Methods: The immune response to the COVID-19 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine was assessed in 20 HD patients and cohort-matched controls.

Minimal impact of beam projection angle deviations in skyline (Laurin) view and the efficacy of the anterior border of proximal tibia as a guiding landmark.

Objective: Obtaining an optimal knee skyline view is challenging due to inaccuracies in beam projection angles (BPAs) and soft tissue obscuring bony landmarks. This study aimed to assess the impact of BPA deviations on patellofemoral index measurements and assessed the anterior border of the proximal tibia as an anatomic landmark for guiding BPAs.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study consisted of three parts.

Synthesis of the C13-C27 Fragment of Madeirolide A Using Visible-Light-Promoted Radical Cyclization.

The convergent synthesis of a fully elaborated C13-C27 fragment of madeirolide A has been achieved. The key features of the synthesis include the stereocontrolled construction of both the THF and THP rings via visible-light-induced iridium-catalyzed radical cyclization and the late-stage union of the two oxacyclic subunits through nickel-catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling.

Concurrent self-assembly of RGB microLEDs for next-generation displays.

MicroLED displays have been in the spotlight as the next-generation displays owing to their various advantages, including long lifetime and high brightness compared with organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays. As a result, microLED technology is being commercialized for large-screen displays such as digital signage and active R&D programmes are being carried out for other applications, such as augmented reality, flexible displays and biological imaging. However, substantial obstacles in transfer technology, namely, high throughput, high yield and production scalability up to Generation 10+ (2,940 × 3,370 mm) glass sizes, need to be overcome so that microLEDs can enter mainstream product markets and compete with liquid-crystal displays and OLED displays.

Immune response to the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in hemodialysis patients: cohort study.

Background: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients experience immune compromise characterized by complex alterations of both innate and adaptive immunity, and results in higher susceptibility to infection and lower response to vaccination. This immune compromise, coupled with greater risk of exposure to infectious disease at hemodialysis (HD) centers, underscores the need for examination of the immune response to the COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccines.

Methods: A transcriptomic analysis of the immune response to the Covid-19 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine was assessed in 20 HD patients and cohort-matched controls.

Oleic acid from cancer-associated fibroblast promotes cancer cell stemness by stearoyl-CoA desaturase under glucose-deficient condition.

Background: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) coordinate the malignancy of cancer cells via secretory materials. Reprogrammed lipid metabolism and signaling play critical roles in cancer biology. Oleic acid (OA) serves as a source of energy under glucose-deficient conditions, but its function in cancer progression remains unclear.

Serum uromodulin in dogs with chronic kidney disease.

Background: Serum uromodulin concentration has been described as a novel biomarker of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in humans but not dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the serum uromodulin concentration in dogs with CKD and assess its diagnostic performance in distinguishing dogs with CKD from healthy dogs.

Animals: Forty-nine dogs with CKD (International Renal Interest Society [IRIS] Stage 1, n = 23; Stage 2, n = 20; Stage 3-4, n = 6) and 25 healthy controls.

A machine-learning model to predict postoperative delirium following knee arthroplasty using electronic health records.

Background: Postoperative delirium is a challenging complication due to its adverse outcome such as long hospital stay. The aims of this study were: 1) to identify preoperative risk factors of postoperative delirium following knee arthroplasty, and 2) to develop a machine-learning prediction model.

Method: A total of 3,980 patients from two hospitals were included in this study.

Calcifying aponeurotic fibroma on the paw in a dog.

A 12-year-old, spayed female, Maltese dog with a round and firm mass on the dorsal part of the left rear paw and a cervical mass was brought to the clinic. The paw mass was contiguous to the adjacent tendon; it was composed of neoplastic mesenchymal cells and had scattered foci of calcification with chondroid differentiation microscopically. The neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin and S100, but negative for desmin and smooth muscle actin.

Temozolomide abrogates the aggressiveness of urothelial carcinoma cells by enhancing senescence and depleting the side population.

Patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) generally have poor prognoses due to therapeutic resistance. Furthermore, there are limited treatment options for advanced UC. Therefore, novel or effective chemotherapeutic agents are needed to improve patient survival.

Metamaterial-Integrated High-Gain Rectenna for RF Sensing and Energy Harvesting Applications.

This paper presents a metamaterial (MTM)-integrated high-gain rectenna for RF sensing and energy harvesting applications that operates at 2.45 GHz, an industry, science, medicine (ISM) band. The novel MTM superstrate approach with a three-layered integration method is firstly introduced for rectenna applications.

Ovalicin attenuates atopic dermatitis symptoms by inhibiting IL-31 signaling and intracellular calcium influx.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disorder difficult to be treated with medication. This study investigated the potential of ovalicin extracted from for the treatment of AD using and models. We found that, in canine macrophage cell line DH82, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) upregulated the expression of genes associated with inflammation and pruritic responses through activating calcium and interleukin-31 (IL-31) signaling, and the upregulation could be suppressed by ovalicin, with an effect significantly stronger than dexamethasone.

Heterogeneous response of cancer-associated fibroblasts to the glucose deprivation through mitochondrial calcium uniporter.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are an abundant component of the tumor microenvironment and have distinct features from normal fibroblasts (NFs). However, the discriminative nature of heterogeneous CAFs under glucose starvation remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the changes in the mitochondrial calcium concentration and relevant intracellular machinery in CAFs under glucose-deficient conditions.

Reduction in mitochondrial oxidative stress mediates hypoxia-induced resistance to cisplatin in human transitional cell carcinoma cells.

Tumor hypoxia is known to promote the acquisition of more aggressive phenotypes in human transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), including drug resistance. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondria play a central role in the chemoresistance of TCC. However, the role of mitochondria in the hypoxia-induced drug resistance in TCC remains elusive.

Thyroglobulin as a negative marker for malignancy in canine and human breast tumors.

Canine mammary gland tumors (CMTs) are the most common tumor type in female dogs. This study evaluated the expression pattern and role of thyroglobulin (Tg) in CMT and in human breast cancer (HBC). CMT samples were subjected to fine-needle aspiration, primary cell culture, and histopathology.

Quantified Vascular Calcification at the Dialysis Access Site: Correlations with the Coronary Artery Calcium Score and Survival Analysis of Access and Cardiovascular Outcomes.

Vascular calcification is a major contributor to mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. In this study, we investigated whether there was a correlation between the coronary artery calcium score (CACS) and the vascular calcification score (VCS), and whether higher VCS increased the incidence of interventions and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). ECG-gated CT, including vascular access and the coronary vessel, was taken.

Evaluation of a human glycated hemoglobin test in canine diabetes mellitus.

Glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is widely used for monitoring and diagnosing human diabetes mellitus, but is rarely used in veterinary clinics. The goal of our study was to validate the commercial HbA1c testing system SD A1cCare analyzer (Bionote, Gyeoggi-do, South Korea) for use in dogs. Dogs were recruited with owner's consent.

Glucose starvation induces resistance to metformin through the elevation of mitochondrial multidrug resistance protein 1.

Metformin, a drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus, has shown therapeutic effects for various cancers. However, it had no beneficial effects on the survival rate of human malignant mesothelioma (HMM) patients. The present study was performed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of metformin resistance in HMM cells.

Hypoxia promotes acquisition of aggressive phenotypes in human malignant mesothelioma.

Background: Hypoxia is a hallmark of the solid tumor microenvironment and is associated with poor outcomes in cancer patients. The present study was performed to investigate mechanisms underlying the hypoxia-induced phenotypic changes using human malignant mesothelioma (HMM) cells.

Methods: Hypoxic conditions were achieved by incubating HMM cells in the air chamber.