Toward Long-Life High-Voltage Aqueous Li-Ion Batteries: from Solvation Chemistry to Solid-Electrolyte-Interphase Layer Optimization Against Electron Tunneling Effect.

Water is pursued as an electrolyte solvent for its non-flammable nature compared to traditional organic solvents, yet its narrow electrochemical stability window (ESW) limits its performance. Solvation chemistry design is widely adopted as the key to suppress the reactivity of water, thereby expanding the ESW. In this study, an acetamide-based ternary eutectic electrolyte achieved an ESW ranging from 1.

Fast and accurate multi-bacterial identification using cleavable and FRET-based peptide nucleic acid probes.

Fast and accurate identification of pathogenic microbes in patient samples is crucial for the timely treatment of acute infectious diseases such as sepsis. The fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique allows the rapid detection and identification of microbes based on their variation in genomic sequence without time-consuming culturing or sequencing. However, the recent explosion of microbial genomic data has made it challenging to design an appropriate set of probes for microbial mixtures.

Multi-omics analysis reveals the neuroprotective effect of extract against Parkinson's disease in mouse.

Objective: To assess (ARE) neuroprotective function in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mice and related genes.

Methods: Examined mRNA-DNA methylation changes induced by ARE in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) model's substantia nigra.

Results: ARE mitigated MPTP-induced motor impairment in rotarod and open field tests and preserved tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neuronal cells in substantia nigra and striatum.

Magnetically-Controlled Graphite Alignment for Fast and Stable Anion Intercalation.

Dual-ion batteries (DIBs) are emerging as promising candidates for fast-charging electric vehicles owing to their ability to intercalate both cations and anions. However, increasing the energy density of DIBs, especially with thick graphite cathodes, remains a challenge due to structural instability during anion intercalation. In this study, a magnetically controlled method is introduced to vertically align graphite particles in thick electrodes, significantly improving the performance of DIBs.

Theoretical and experimental study on the polarization-independent flanged nanowire array infrared absorber.

An infrared (IR) absorber is a crucial component for thermal detectors, requiring high absorptance over a broad wavelength range while maintaining low heat capacity for optimal performance. Most thermal detectors use a thin film IR absorber that is suspended in air, supported by a layer beneath it for mechanical stability. However, this support layer increases heat capacity without contributing to IR absorptance, thereby reducing the performance of thermal detectors.

Revealing Bipolar Photoresponse in Multiheterostructured WTe-GaTe/ReSe-WTe P-N Diode by Hybrid 2D Contact Engineering.

The van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures based on two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting materials have been thoroughly investigated with regard to practical applications. Recent studies on 2D materials have reignited attraction in the p-n junction, with promising potential for applications in both electronics and optoelectronics. 2D materials provide exceptional band structural diversity in p-n junction devices, which is rare in regular bulk semiconductors.

Effect of Non-Meat Proteins on Storage Characteristics and Amino Acid Composition of Pork Emulsified Sausages.

This study was conducted to confirm the following effects of non-meat binders (NMB) on proximate composition, pH, cooking yield, amino acids, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), and correlation of pork emulsified sausages during refrigerated storage. The following groups of sausage samples were manufactured: Control (non-addition), BBP (1% bovine blood plasma); PBP (1% porcine blood plasma), EWP (1% white egg powder), CPPP (1% commercial porcine plasma powder), ISP (1% isolated soy protein), SP (1% seaweed powder), and SC (1% sodium caseinate). When NMB was added, ISP, SP, and SC showed higher heating yields while PBP showed lower heating yields than the control.

Quintic refractive index profile-based funnel-shaped silicon antireflective structures for enhanced photodetector performance.

Antireflection, vital in optoelectronics devices such as solar cells and photodetectors, reduces light reflection and increases absorption. Antireflective structures (ARS), a primary method by which to realize this effect, control the refractive index (RI) profile based on their shape. The antireflection efficiency depends on the refractive index profile, with the quintic RI profile being recognized as ideal for superior antireflection.

Fast-Response and Low-Power Self-Heating Gas Sensor Using Metal/Metal Oxide/Metal (MMOM) Structured Nanowires.

With the escalating global awareness of air quality management, the need for continuous and reliable monitoring of toxic gases by using low-power operating systems has become increasingly important. One of which, semiconductor metal oxide gas sensors have received great attention due to their high/fast response and simple working mechanism. More specifically, self-heating metal oxide gas sensors, wherein direct thermal activation in the sensing material, have been sought for their low power-consuming characteristics.

-LIGHT: Synthetic Dataset for the Separation of Diffuse and Specular Reflection Images.

Several studies in computer vision have examined specular removal, which is crucial for object detection and recognition. This research has traditionally been divided into two tasks: specular highlight removal, which focuses on removing specular highlights on object surfaces, and reflection removal, which deals with specular reflections occurring on glass surfaces. In reality, however, both types of specular effects often coexist, making it a fundamental challenge that has not been adequately addressed.

Core-insulator embedded nanosheet field-effect transistor for suppressing device-to-device variations.

Nanosheet field-effect transistors (NSFETs) have attracted considerable attention for their potential to achieve improved performance and energy efficiency compared to traditional FinFETs. Here, we present a comprehensive investigation of core-insulator-embedded nanosheet field-effect transistors (C-NSFETs), focusing on their improved performance and device-to-device (D2D) variability compared to conventional NSFETs through three-dimensional device simulations. The C-NSFETs exhibit enhanced direct-current (DC) performance, characterized by a steeper subthreshold slope and reduced off-current, indicating better gate electrostatic controllability.

Changes in structural plasticity of hippocampal neurons in an animal model of multiple sclerosis.

Structural plasticity is critical for the functional diversity of neurons in the brain. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most commonly used model for multiple sclerosis (MS), successfully mimicking its key pathological features (inflammation, demyelination, axonal loss, and gliosis) and clinical symptoms (motor and non-motor dysfunctions). Recent studies have demonstrated the importance of synaptic plasticity in EAE pathogenesis.

Bottom Deposition Enables Stable All-Solid-State Batteries with Ultrathin Lithium Metal Anode.

Modern strides in energy storage underscore the significance of all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) predicated on solid electrolytes and lithium (Li) metal anodes in response to the demand for safer batteries. Nonetheless, ASSBs are often beleaguered by non-uniform Li deposition during cycling, leading to compromised cell performance from internal short circuits and hindered charge transfer. In this study, the concept of "bottom deposition" is introduced to stabilize metal deposition based on the lithiophilic current collector and a protective layer composed of a polymeric binder and carbon black.

The Relative Contribution of Facial and Body Information to the Perception of Cuteness.

Faces and bodies both provide cues to age and cuteness, but little work has explored their interaction in cuteness perception. This study examines the interplay of facial and bodily cues in the perception of cuteness, particularly when these cues convey conflicting age information. Participants rated the cuteness of face-body composites that combined either a child or adult face with an age-congruent or incongruent body alongside manipulations of the head-to-body height ratio (HBR).

Comparison of radiological and functional outcomes of conservative treatment with teriparatide and denosumab in thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral fracture.

Unlabelled: Teriparatide and denosumab, anti-osteoporosis medications with different mechanisms, have been widely used in the patients with osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF) considered as advanced osteoporosis. Teriparatide has been shown to enhance bone formation and fracture healing in OVF, but there are still no sufficient evidences discussing about the role of denosumab in newly developed OVF. In this study, we found the similar radiological deformation and functional outcomes of conservative treatment with teriparatide and denosumab in thoracolumbar (TL) OVF, and teriparatide showed a more frequent incidence of fracture union with paravertebral bone bridge formation compared to denosumab.

Formulating Electron Beam-Induced Covalent Linkages for Stable and High-Energy-Density Silicon Microparticle Anode.

High-capacity silicon (Si) materials hold a position at the forefront of advanced lithium-ion batteries. The inherent potential offers considerable advantages for substantially increasing the energy density in batteries, capable of maximizing the benefit by changing the paradigm from nano- to micron-sized Si particles. Nevertheless, intrinsic structural instability remains a significant barrier to its practical application, especially for larger Si particles.

Immunohistochemical analysis of extracellular signal-regulated kinase expression in mature and immature bulls' testes and epididymides.

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) has been implicated in mammalian testicular and epididymal development. This study aimed to investigate ERK expression in the immature and mature testes and epididymides of bulls. We evaluated ERK expression using immunoblot analysis and immunohistochemistry.

Lossless Data Compression for Time-Series Sensor Data Based on Dynamic Bit Packing.

In this paper, we propose a bit depth compression (BDC) technique, which performs bit packing by dynamically determining the pack size based on the pattern of the bit depth level of the sensor data, thereby maximally reducing the space wastage that may occur during the bit packing process. The proposed technique can dynamically perform bit packing according to the data's characteristics, which may have many outliers or several multidimensional variations, and therefore has a high compression ratio. Furthermore, the proposed method is a lossless compression technique, which is especially useful as training data in the field of artificial intelligence or in the predictive analysis of data science.

Printable and Free-Standing Silicon-Based Anode for Current Collector-Free Lithium-Ion Batteries.

The evolution of Li-ion rechargeable batteries has driven a demand for systems exceeding the energy density and shape diversity of conventional lithium-ion batteries. Silicon (Si)-based materials, suitable for high-energy-density applications, have been restricted in practical use due to their inherent structural instability and poor conductivities upon electrochemical cycling. Here, we propose a fully printable and free-standing anode, composed of hollow SiO/C (H-SiO/C) composite material and an MXene conductive binder, exhibiting high specific capacity, structural reliability, and superior ionic conductivity without any current collector.