Co-occurrence between key HAB species and particle-attached bacteria and substrate specificity of attached bacteria in the coastal ecosystem.

The ecological dynamics of particle-attached bacteria (PAB) were observed through changes in the core phytoplankton phycosphere, and were associated with the dynamics of free-living bacteria (FLB) using metabarcoding and microscopic analyses over 210 days (with weekly sampling intervals) in the Jangmok coastal ecosystem, South Korea. Cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling classified the phytoplankton community into six groups comprising core phytoplankton species, including the harmful algal species Akashiwo sanguinea (dinoflagellate) in late autumn, Teleaulax amphioxeia (cryptomonads) in early winter and spring, Skeletonema marinoi-dohrnii complex (diatom) in winter, Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima (diatom) in early spring, and diatom complexes such as Chaetoceros curvisetus and Leptocylindrus danicus in late spring. We identified 59 and 32 indicators in PAB and FLB, respectively, which rapidly changed with the succession of the six core phytoplankton species.

Determining ecological interactions of key dinoflagellate species using an intensive metabarcoding approach in a semi-closed coastal ecosystem of South Korea.

Marine phytoplankton communities are pivotal in biogeochemical cycles and impact global climate change. However, the dynamics of the dinoflagellate community, its co-occurrence relationship with other eukaryotic plankton communities, and environmental factors remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to analyze the temporal changes in the eukaryotic plankton community using a 18S rDNA metabarcoding approach.

Performance Comparison of Tungsten-Halogen Light and Phosphor-Converted NIR LED in Soluble Solid Content Estimation of Apple.

A Tungsten-Halogen (TH) lamp is the most popular light source in NIR spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging, which requires a warm-up to reach very high temperatures of up to 250 °C and take a long time for radiation stabilization. Consequently, it has a large enough volume to enable heat dissipation to prevent the thermal runaway of the electric circuit and turn out its power efficiency very low. These are major barriers for miniaturizing spectral systems and hyperspectral imaging devices.

Co-variance between free-living bacteria and Cochlodinium polykrikoides (Dinophyta) harmful algal blooms, South Korea.

To understand the co-variance between common free-living bacteria and Cochlodinium polykrikoides harmful algal blooms (HABs) and their metabolic functions, we investigated 110 sampling sites in the Southern Sea of South Korea. These sampling sites were divided into three groups based on environmental factors and phytoplankton data with a similarity of 85% using non-metric multidimensional scaling. One group represented high-severity C.

TiO treatment using ultrasonication for bubble cavitation generation and efficiency assessment of a dye-sensitized solar cell.

In this study, the impacts of different ultrasonic treatments on TiO particles were determined and they were used to manufacture the photoelectrodes of a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Two methods were used to prepare TiO particles directly sonicated by an ultrasonic horn, and TiO treated indirectly by an ultrasonic cleaner. TEM, XPS analysis was confirmed that cavitation bubbles generated during ultrasonication resulted in defects on the surface of TiO particles, and the defect induced surface activation.

3D-Printed Load Cell Using Nanocarbon Composite Strain Sensor.

The development of a 3D-Printed Load Cell (PLC) was studied using a nanocarbon composite strain sensor (NCSS) and a 3D printing process. The miniature load cell was fabricated using a low-cost LCD-based 3D printer with UV resin. The NCSS composed of 0.

Passive Source Localization Using Acoustic Intensity in Multipath-Dominant Shallow-Water Waveguide.

The array invariant technique has been recently proposed for passive source localization in the ocean. It has successfully estimated the source-receiver horizontal range in multipath-dominant shallow-water waveguides. However, it requires a relatively large-scale hydrophone array.

Measurements of Normal Incidence Reflection Loss as a Function of Temperature at the Water-Castor Oil Interface.

Reflection loss at the water-castor oil interface as a function of temperature was measured in a direction normal to the interface using a 200-kHz acoustic signal. The acoustic impedance of water increases with temperature, whereas that of castor oil decreases. The measured reflection losses varied from 30 to 65 dB, and a sharp rising peak in reflection loss was observed at the temperature at which the acoustic impedance of water became equal to that of castor oil.

Analysis of Neutron Production in Passively Scattered Ion-Beam Therapy.

A new treatment facility for heavy ion therapy since 2010 was constructed. In the broad beam, a range shifter, ridge filter and multi leaf collimator (MLC) for the generation of the spread-out Bragg peak is used. In this case, secondary neutrons produced by the interactions of the ion field with beam-modifying devices (e.

Microbial community, and biochemical and physiological properties of Korean traditional black raspberry (Robus coreanus Miquel) vinegar.

Background: The aim of this study was to elucidate the changes in microbial community and biochemical and physiological properties of traditional Muju black raspberry (Robus coreanus Miquel) vinegar (TMBV) during fermentation by culture-independent methods.

Results: During vinegar fermentation, ethanol produced up to 120 g L(-1) until day 35, with continuously increasing yeast concentration to a total of log 7.6 CFU mL(-1) .

Effective generation of the spread-out-Bragg peak from the laser accelerated proton beams using a carbon-proton mixed target.

Conventional laser accelerated proton beam has broad energy spectra. It is not suitable for clinical use directly, so it is necessary for employing energy selection system. However, in the conventional laser accelerated proton system, the intensity of the proton beams in the low energy regime is higher than that in the high energy regime.

Transplantation of human cord blood mononuclear cells and umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in autism.

Background: Autism is a pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder. At present there are no defined mechanisms of pathogenesis and therapy is mostly limited to behavioral interventions. Stem cell transplantation may offer a unique treatment strategy for autism due to immune and neural dysregulation observed in this disease.

Effects of noninvasive ventilation on sleep outcomes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Study Objectives: The objective was to study the effects on noninvasive ventilation on sleep outcomes in patient with ALS, specifically oxygenation and overall sleep quality.

Methods: Patients with ALS who met criteria for initiation of NIV were studied with a series of 2 home PSG studies, one without NIV and a follow-up study while using NIV. Primary outcome was a change in the maximum overnight oxygen saturation; secondary outcomes included change in mean overnight oxygen saturation, apnea and hypopnea indexes, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, sleep arousals, and sleep architecture.

Accuracy of volume measurement using 3D ultrasound and development of CT-3D US image fusion algorithm for prostate cancer radiotherapy.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of measuring volumes using three-dimensional ultrasound (3D US), and to verify the feasibility of the replacement of CT-MR fusion images with CT-3D US in radiotherapy treatment planning.

Methods: Phantoms, consisting of water, contrast agent, and agarose, were manufactured. The volume was measured using 3D US, CT, and MR devices.

Surgical removal of endovascular stent after migration to the right ventricle following right subclavian vein deployment for treatment of central venous stenosis.

Central venous stenosis or occlusion occurs in 11-50% of hemodialysis patients with prior subclavian vein cannulation and ipsilateral fistula or shunt. Most patients are asymptomatic but some require treatment to reduce the risk of thrombosis and improve inadequate hemodialysis pressure. In these cases, endovascular intervention, including ballooning and stenting, is a feasible strategy for selected patents.

Enhanced diffraction efficiency in a photorefractive liquid crystal cell with poly(9-vinylcarbazole)-infiltrated mesoporous TiO2 layers.

The photorefractive effect of a layer-structured liquid crystal cell was significantly enhanced when a C60-doped poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK)/TiO2 nanocomposite was used in two photoconductive layers. The C60-doped PVK/TiO2 nanocomposite film was prepared by infiltrating C60-doped PVK into a highly ordered mesoporous TiO2 layer. The addition of the TiO2 layer to the C60-doped PVK layer increased the first-order Raman-Nath diffraction efficiency from 24% to 42.

Using the effects of pH and moisture to synthesize highly organized mesoporous titania thin films.

Highly ordered mesoporous titania films were synthesized within a short time period by controlling the pH of sols and moisture exposure of as-prepared films.