Assessing amblyopia treatment using multifocal visual evoked potentials.

Background: To evaluate the effect of occlusion treatment for anisometropic amblyopia using multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEPs).

Methods: The patients for this study comprised 19 patients (mean age 6.05 ± 1.

Extratarsal presentation of chalazion.

Purpose: We report a case of atypical, extratarsal chalazion referred with a history of a chronic inflammatory mass found on the edge of the lower eyelid.

Methods: A 3-year-old female developed a small mass on the medial side of the right lower lid in 4-month duration. She was seen by her ophthalmologist and the diagnosis of a chalazion was made.

The orbital volume measurement in patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

Enophthalmos occurs from the increased bony volume or decreased soft tissue volume in the orbit and can be caused in patients with long-term ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. This study tried to find out the change of orbital volume by measuring the orbital volume before and after operation in adult patients who underwent VP shunt for hydrocephalus. The 2 evaluators measured orbital volume by using ITK-SNAP 2.

Enlargement of the sella turcica in pseudotumor cerebri.

Object: The sella turcica usually appears partially empty in MR images obtained from patients with chronic elevation of intracranial pressure. The authors measured the size of the sella turcica to determine if enlargement of the pituitary fossa explains the partially empty sella associated with pseudotumor cerebri.

Methods: The medical records from 2005 to 2011 of a single neuro-ophthalmologist were searched to identify consecutive patients with pseudotumor cerebri.

Bupivacaine injection to lateral rectus in abducens nerve palsy.

A 49-year-old female presented with bilateral abducens nerve palsies. She had 75 prism diopter esotropia. The extraocular movement of the lateral rectus was -1 limitation for the right eye and -4 limitations for the left.

Oculomotor neuromyotonia with lid ptosis on abduction.

Ocular neuromyotonia is an episodic involuntary contraction of one or more of the extraocular muscles resulting from spontaneous neural discharges of the oculomotor nerve. It is characterized by symptomatic diplopia for the duration of the contraction and occurs either spontaneously or after a sustained eccentric gaze. Although the mechanism of ocular neuromyotonia is not fully understood, primary or secondary aberrant regeneration and consequent ephaptic transmission generally are held to be involved.

Assessment of visual disability using visual evoked potentials.

Background: The purpose of this study is to validate the use of visual evoked potential (VEP) to objectively quantify visual acuity in normal and amblyopic patients, and determine if it is possible to predict visual acuity in disability assessment to register visual pathway lesions.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients diagnosed with normal vision, unilateral amblyopia, optic neuritis, and visual disability who visited the university medical center for registration from March 2007 to October 2009. The study included 20 normal subjects (20 right eyes: 10 females, 10 males, ages 9-42 years), 18 unilateral amblyopic patients (18 amblyopic eyes, ages 19-36 years), 19 optic neuritis patients (19 eyes: ages 9-71 years), and 10 patients with visual disability having visual pathway lesions.

Foveal retinoschisis misdiagnosed as bilateral amblyopia.

Juvenile foveal retinoschisis is one of the most common causes of bilateral macular degeneration in young boys. School age with accommodative esotropia may develop amblyopia due to late correction of hyperopia. Retinoschisis is hard to diagnose in patient with subtle macula change and hyperopic amblyopia.

The factors influencing visual development in blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome.

Purpose: To investigate the factors influencing visual development in blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome.

Materials And Methods: The study population comprised 20 patients with blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome who were referred for an oculoplastic opinion. The ocular examination included measurement of Snellen visual acuity, cycloplegic refraction, ocular movements and alignment, and the presence of amblyopia.

Extraocular muscle imaging in complex strabismus.

Background And Objective: Abnormalities of extraocular muscle are an unusual cause of complex strabismus. The traditional evaluation based on clinical examinations is insufficient for the interpretation of incomitant motility disorders resulting from extraocular muscle anomalies. Extraocular muscle imaging by computed x-ray tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide useful information for diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment of complex strabismus.