Optimizing Lane Departure Warning System towards AI-Centered Autonomous Vehicles.

The operational efficacy of lane departure warning systems (LDWS) in autonomous vehicles is critically influenced by the retro-reflectivity of road markings, which varies with environmental wear and weather conditions. This study investigated how changes in road marking retro-reflectivity, due to factors such as weather and physical wear, impact the performance of LDWS. The study was conducted at the Yeoncheon SOC Demonstration Research Center, where various weather scenarios, including rainfall and transitions between day and night lighting, were simulated.

Monolithic 3D integration of 2D materials-based electronics towards ultimate edge computing solutions.

Three-dimensional (3D) hetero-integration technology is poised to revolutionize the field of electronics by stacking functional layers vertically, thereby creating novel 3D circuity architectures with high integration density and unparalleled multifunctionality. However, the conventional 3D integration technique involves complex wafer processing and intricate interlayer wiring. Here we demonstrate monolithic 3D integration of two-dimensional, material-based artificial intelligence (AI)-processing hardware with ultimate integrability and multifunctionality.

Understanding cross-data dynamics of individual and social/environmental factors through a public health lens: explainable machine learning approaches.

Introduction: The rising prevalence of obesity has become a public health concern, requiring efficient and comprehensive prevention strategies.

Methods: This study innovatively investigated the combined influence of individual and social/environmental factors on obesity within the urban landscape of Seoul, by employing advanced machine learning approaches. We collected 'Community Health Surveys' and credit card usage data to represent individual factors.

Effects of Temporary Respiration Exercise with Individual Harmonic Frequency on Blood Pressure and Autonomic Balance.

This study investigated the effects of modulated respiration on blood pressure and autonomic balance to develop a healthcare application system for stabilizing autonomic balance. Thirty-two participants were asked to perform self-regulated tasks with 18 different respiration sequences, and their electrocardiograms (ECG) and blood pressure were measured. Changes in cardiovascular system functions and blood pressure were compared between free-breathing and various respiration conditions.

Analysis of the Relationship between the Expression Levels of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin and Cytokine Genes in Bone Marrow.

: Recently, various associations of NGAL with several hematological cancers have been reported. However, given that the regulation of gene expression by cytokines is tissue-specific, expression in relation to those of cytokine genes has not been analyzed in bone marrow (BM) tissue. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between and 48 cytokine gene expression levels in mononuclear cells (MNCs) of BM at the time of diagnosis of hematological malignancy and to explore the expression pattern of and related cytokine genes in patients with hematological malignancies and controls.

Non-Contact Measurement of Motion Sickness Using Pupillary Rhythms from an Infrared Camera.

Both physiological and neurological mechanisms are reflected in pupillary rhythms via neural pathways between the brain and pupil nerves. This study aims to interpret the phenomenon of motion sickness such as fatigue, anxiety, nausea and disorientation using these mechanisms and to develop an advanced non-contact measurement method from an infrared webcam. Twenty-four volunteers (12 females) experienced virtual reality content through both two-dimensional and head-mounted device interpretations.

IR-camera-based measurements of 2D/3D cognitive fatigue in 2D/3D display system using task-evoked pupillary response.

This study was carried out to evaluate a method used to measure three-dimensional (3D) cognitive fatigue based on the pupillary response. This technique was designed to overcome measurement burdens by using non-contact methods. The pupillary response is related to cognitive function by a neural pathway and may be an indicator of 3D cognitive fatigue.

Measurement of emotional contagion using synchronization of heart rhythm pattern between two persons: Application to sales managers and sales force synchronization.

The purpose of this study was to measure emotional contagion, determine its direction, and compare the intensity between positive and negative contagion using the synchronization of heart rhythm pattern (HRP). A total of 64 undergraduate students (32 women and 32 men) participated in the experiment, and were randomly categorized as either leaders or followers. Followers were required to imitate the facial expression (happy and sad) of the leader (emotional contagion) or of a facial image (emotional non-contagion).

Effects of mental workload on involuntary attention: A somatosensory ERP study.

Previous psychophysiological assessments of mental workload have relied on the addition of visual or auditory stimuli. This study investigated the tactile ERP and EEG spectral power correlates of mental workload by relating limited-capacity involuntary attention allocation to changes in late positive potential (LPP) amplitude, alpha, and theta powers. We examined whether mental workload (high-level cognitive control) can be evaluated using somatosensory stimuli.

Evaluation of 3D cognitive fatigue using heart-brain synchronization.

The purpose of this study was to identify an evaluation method for 3D cognitive fatigue based on a heart-brain synchronization phenomenon known as the heartbeat evoked potential (HEP). Thirty undergraduate students (15 females) watched a video in both 2D and 3D for an hour. Because visual fatigue is related to cognitive load, the HEP was used as an indicator of communication between the heart and the brain and therefore of cognitive function; responses were compared after 2D and 3D viewing.

Effect of mental fatigue caused by mobile 3D viewing on selective attention: an ERP study.

This study investigated behavioral responses to and auditory event-related potential (ERP) correlates of mental fatigue caused by mobile three-dimensional (3D) viewing. Twenty-six participants (14 women) performed a selective attention task in which they were asked to respond to the sounds presented at the attended side while ignoring sounds at the ignored side before and after mobile 3D viewing. Considering different individual susceptibilities to 3D, participants' subjective fatigue data were used to categorize them into two groups: fatigued and unfatigued.

SSVEP and ERP measurement of cognitive fatigue caused by stereoscopic 3D.

The purpose of this study was to identify steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) and event-related potential (ERP) correlates of 3D cognitive fatigue. Twenty-one participants (11 females) were subjected to a cognitive test before and after being exposed to a stereoscopic 3D environment. They were categorized into two groups, fatigued and unfatigued, based on their response times and subjective data.