A new brain-cutting device and ultraviolet resin-mounted human brain slices as a teaching adjunct for neuroanatomy education.

Although the level of neuroscience research is rapidly developing with the introduction of new technologies, the method of neuroanatomy education remains at the traditional level and requires improvement to meet the needs of educators and trainees. We developed a new three-dimensional (3D) printed device (human brain-cutting mold, HBCM) for creating human brain slices; moreover, we demonstrated a simple method for creating semi-permanent ultraviolet (UV) resin-mounted brain slice specimens for neuroanatomy education. We obtained brain slices of uniform thickness (3 mm) through the HBCM; the resultant brain slices were optimal for assessing morphological details of the human brain.

Electrons and Phonons Cooperate in the Laser-Induced Desorption of CO from Pd(111).

Femtosecond laser induced desorption of CO from a CO-covered Pd(111) surface is investigated with ab initio molecular dynamics with electronic friction that incorporates effects due to the excited electronic and phononic systems, as well as out-of-phase coadsorbate interactions. Our simulations show evidence of an important electron-phonon synergy in promoting CO desorption that has largely been neglected in other similar systems. At the saturated coverage of 0.

Neuroanatomical distribution of galectin-3 in the adult rat brain.

Galectin-3 is a member of the lectin subfamily that enables the specific binding of β-galactosides. It is expressed in a broad spectrum of species and organs, and is known to have various functions related to cell adhesion, signal transduction, and proinflammatory responses. Although, expression of galectin-3 in some activated neuroglia under neuroinflammation has been well documented in the central nervous system, little is known about the neuronal expression and distribution of galectin-3 in normal brain.

Adlayer structure dependent ultrafast desorption dynamics in carbon monoxide adsorbed on Pd (111).

We report our ultrafast photoinduced desorption investigation of the coverage dependence of substrate-adsorbate energy transfer in carbon monoxide adlayers on the (111) surface of palladium. As the CO coverage is increased, the adsorption site population shifts from all threefold hollows (up to 0.33 ML), to bridge and near bridge (>0.

Changes of gene expression of Gal3, Hsp27, Lcn2, and Timp1 in rat substantia nigra following medial forebrain bundle transection using a candidate gene microarray.

Neuroinflammation is an early event and important contributor to the pathobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroglia, especially microglia, are a major central nervous system population that can modulate neuroinflammation. To determine potential key molecules in this process, we employed microarray analysis in the substantia nigra (SN) following medial forebrain bundle (MFB) transection and analyzed the temporal expression profiles of candidate genes implicated in neuroglial activation and functional maturation.

Interfacial dipole formation and surface-electron confinement in low-coverage self-assembled thiol layers: thiophenol and p-fluorothiophenol on Cu(111).

Model systems of organic self-assembled monolayers are important in achieving full atomic-scale understanding of molecular-electronic interfaces as well as the details of their charge transfer physics. Here we use two-photon photoemission to measure the evolving unoccupied and occupied interfacial electronic structure of two thiolate species, thiophenol and p-fluorothiophenol, adsorbed on Cu(111) as a function of molecular coverage. Our measurements focus on the role of adsorbates in shifting surface polarization and effecting surface electron confinement.

Electrochemistry of conductive polymers 40. Earlier phases of aniline polymerization studied by Fourier transform electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

Earlier stages of aniline polymerization have been studied by Fourier transform electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (FTEIS) experiments. Initial oxidation of aniline leads to the formation of a thin layer passivating the electrode surface, which is depassivated upon a further increase in potential and mediates a further electron transfer from aniline to the electrode. The charge-transfer resistance was first shown to decrease upon increasing the potential, which leads to the inductive behavior upon further increase in the overpotential.

Determination of electron transfer kinetic parameters by fourier transform electrochemical impedance spectroscopic analysis.

A new attempt to obtain electron transfer kinetic parameters at an electrified electrode/electrolyte interface using Fourier transform electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (FTEIS) analyses of small potential step chronoamperometric currents is presented. The kinetic parameters thus obtained allowed mass transport free voltammograms to be constructed in an overpotential region, where the diffusion limits the electron transfer reaction, using the Butler-Volmer (B-V) relation. The B-V voltammograms clearly distinguish electrode reactions that are not much different in their electron transfer kinetic parameters, thus showing very similar normal linear sweep voltammetric (SCV) behaviors.