Effects of dexmedetomidine on renal function after cardiac surgery for infective endocarditis: An interim analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Patients undergoing cardiac surgery for infective endocarditis (IE) are at a high risk of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) owing to heightened systemic inflammation. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on postoperative AKI in patients who underwent cardiac surgery for IE.

Methods: A total of 63 patients who underwent cardiac surgery for IE were randomly assigned to receive either intravenous dexmedetomidine infusion of 0.

Myocardial Injury after Non-Cardiac Surgery in Patients Who Underwent Open Repair for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) has been known to be associated with mortality in various surgical patients; however, its prognostic role in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) open repair remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the role of MINS as a predictor of mortality in patients who underwent AAA open repair.

Methods: This retrospective study investigated 352 patients who underwent open repair for non-ruptured AAA.

Prognostic role of body composition in peritoneal carcinomatosis patients undergoing cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

Background: Bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA)-measured body composition and nutritional status have been used as prognostic indicators in various cancer cohorts. This study investigated whether BIA could provide information on prognosis in peritoneal carcinomatosis patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 99 patients with preoperative BIA data among those who underwent CRS and HIPEC.

Postoperative Hypoalbuminemia as a Predictor of Acute Kidney Injury After Open Repair of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.

Background: Perioperative hypoalbuminemia has a prognostic effect on mortality and morbidity in various cohorts. Patients undergoing open repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (rAAA) are at a high risk of hypoalbuminemia due to bleeding and underlying diseases. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the predictive value of immediate postoperative hypoalbuminemia for the risk for acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing open rAAA repair.

Prognostic Value of Serum Albumin in Aortic Aneurysm Patients Undergoing Graft Replacement of Ascending Aorta and Aortic Arch.

Hypoalbuminemia is a marker of poor overall health with influences from protein energy malnutrition, systemic inflammation and hepatic and renal disease. Albumin has been reported to have a prognostic impact in various cohorts. This study investigated whether preoperative serum albumin levels could be used to predict mortality in patients with aortic aneurysms undergoing graft replacement of ascending aorta and aortic arch.

Association of Pre- and Post-Donation Renal Function with Midterm Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Living Kidney Donors: A Retrospective Study.

Purpose: The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at 6 months after donation (eGFR) is strongly associated with the risk of end-stage renal disease in living kidney donors. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m² (eGFR <60) and identify the risk factors that can predict the occurrence of eGFR <60 in living kidney donors.

Regulators impeding erythropoiesis following iron supplementation in a clinically relevant rat model of iron deficiency anemia with inflammation.

Aims: While elevated hepcidin levels with inflammation have been postulated as a putative mechanism hindering effective erythropoiesis after intravenous (IV) iron therapy in anemic patients undergoing surgery, little is known about the concomitant changes in other major regulators affecting erythropoiesis. This study investigated the activities of relevant regulators after iron replenishment in a rat model of iron deficiency anemia with inflammation.

Main Methods: Inflammation was induced by administration of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Prognostic value of preoperative serum alkaline phosphatase for predicting 3-year mortality in patients undergoing kidney transplantation: A retrospective study.

Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels are related to high-turnover bone disease and reflect vascular calcification and inflammation. ALP has been reported to have a prognostic impact in various cohorts including chronic kidney disease. This study investigated whether preoperative serum ALP level could be used for predicting mortality in patients undergoing kidney transplantation.

Preoperative Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio, and Mean Platelet Volume as Predictors of 1-Year Mortality in Patients Undergoing an Open Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: A Retrospective Study.

Objectives: To investigate if preoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), or mean platelet volume (MPV) could be used to predict 1-year mortality in patients undergoing open abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 382 patients who underwent open AAA repair between January 2008 and July 2019. We divided the patients into two groups based on 1-year mortality and compared the preoperative NLR, PLR, and MPV.

Effect of Equal Ratio Ventilation on Respiratory Mechanics and Oxygenation During Volume-Controlled Ventilation in Pediatric Patients.

Purpose: Children have few small alveoli, which reduce lung compliance; in contrast, their cartilaginous rib cage makes their chest wall highly compliant. This combination promotes lung collapse. Prolonged inspiratory to expiratory (I:E) ratio ventilation is used to optimize gas exchange and respiratory mechanics in surgery.

Prognostic value of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume/platelet ratio for 1-year mortality in critically ill patients.

Several studies have reported that the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and mean platelet volume (MPV) are associated with poor prognosis. This study investigated whether NLR and/or the MPV/platelet ratio could function as predictive markers of mortality in critically ill patients. We retrospectively reviewed 1,154 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) between January 2017 and December 2017.

Incidence and Risk Factors of Acute Kidney Injury after Kasai Operation for Biliary Atresia: A Retrospective Study.

: Biliary atresia is a progressive, inflammatory, and destructive pathology of the bile ducts. Patients who undergo surgery for correction of biliary atresia (Kasai operation) are at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) because of their young age at the time of surgery, long operation time, and liver fibrosis or failure as complication of biliary atresia. Conversely, AKI is associated with poor outcomes after surgery.

Prognostic impact of preoperative serum alkaline phosphatase level on a composite of morbidity and mortality after thoracic endovascular aortic repair: A retrospective study.

Background: Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is related to vascular calcification and is known to have a prognostic impact in various cohorts. However, evidence in patients undergoing thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is lacking. Thus, we hypothesized that preoperative serum ALP level could be used for predicting adverse events after TEVAR.

Serum Alkaline Phosphatase as a Predictor of Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Complications after Lumbar Spinal Fusion Surgery in Elderly: A Retrospective Study.

We retrospectively enrolled 1395 patients aged > 65 years undergoing posterior lumbar spinal fusion surgery and classified them into tertiles based on serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) levels (<63, 63-79, >79 IU/L). The primary outcome was the incidence of 30-day major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE; composite endpoint defined as the occurrence of ≥1 of the following events: new-onset myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular mortality). The incidence of the composite endpoint was the highest in the third serum ALP tertile (0.

Efficacy of Single-Dose Dexmedetomidine Combined with Low-Dose Remifentanil Infusion for Cough Suppression Compared to High-Dose Remifentanil Infusion: A Randomized, Controlled, Non-Inferiority Trial.

Combination of dexmedetomidine and opioid may be an alternative to high-dose opioid in attenuating cough during emergence from anesthesia, while also reducing the adverse effects of high-dose opioid. We tested the hypothesis that a single-dose of dexmedetomidine combined with low-dose remifentanil infusion during emergence would not be inferior to high-dose remifentanil infusion alone in attenuating cough after thyroidectomy. One hundred sixty-nine patients undergoing thyroidectomy were enrolled and randomized in a 1:1 ratio into group DR or group R.

Age-Related Difference in the Effect of Acute Hyperglycemia on Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Age and acute hyperglycemia are known risk factors of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. We investigated age-related difference in the effect of acute hyperglycemia on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in Sprague-Dawley rats (young, 3 months; middle-aged, 10-12 months; and old, 22-24 months). The rats received 1.

Prognostic role of carotid intima-media thickness in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery.

Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is a well-known predictor of adverse outcomes in the ischemic heart disease patients; however, evidence is lacking in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB). Data from 407 patients who underwent OPCAB between April 2013 and August 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. A composite of cardiovascular morbidity endpoints was defined as the presence of stroke, acute myocardial infarction, new cardiac arrhythmia (newly developed atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, or atrioventricular block), cardiovascular death, or cerebrovascular death within 30 days after surgery.

Periprocedural analgesic efficacy of a single, pre-emptive administration of propacetamol in catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Anesthetic care for termination of atrial fibrillation with catheter ablation poses significant challenges due to significant pain and lengthy procedure. A delicate polypharmacy combining anesthetic agents to minimize respiratory depression and hemodynamic changes and to provide satisfactory sedation and analgesia is needed.

Methods: Ninety-eight patients were randomized into two groups receiving either two grams of propacetamol or normal saline intravenously for 20 minutes before anesthesia.

Aprepitant for antiemesis after laparoscopic gynaecological surgery: A randomised controlled trial.

Background: Ondansetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, and aprepitant, a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, block the emetic effect of serotonin and neurokinin, respectively. Aprepitant combined with ondansetron can be more effective for preventing emesis in patients at high risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).

Objective: To investigate the prophylactic effect of combining aprepitant with ondansetron compared with ondansetron alone on PONV in patients with fentanyl-based patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) after laparoscopic gynaecological surgery.

Kidney function in living donors undergoing nephrectomy by sevoflurane or desflurane anesthesia.

Purpose: Although there is no clinical evidence of nephrotoxicity with the volatile anesthetics currently used in general anesthesia, a better agent should be needed in terms of preserving postoperative renal function in living kidney donors who have only single remaining kidney. The purpose of the current retrospective, single-center study was to evaluate and compare renal function of living kidney donors after nephrectomy under either sevoflurane or desflurane anesthesia.

Materials And Methods: From January 2006 through December 2011, a total of 228 donors undergoing video assisted minilaparotomy surgery nephrectomy for kidney donation were retrospectively enrolled in the current study.