Association between atypical endometriosis and ovarian malignancies in the real world.

Background: To evaluate the clinical outcome of atypical endometriosis and its association with ovarian malignancy.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients diagnosed with atypical endometriosis between January 2001 and December 2017. All patients had received surgical treatment for ovarian tumor.

Changes of vaginal microbiota during cervical carcinogenesis in women with human papillomavirus infection.

Objective: To evaluate the changes of vaginal microbiota during cervical carcinogenesis in women with high-risk human papillomavirus infection.

Materials And Methods: Vaginal microbiota was analyzed using next-generation sequencing in women with normal, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), or cervical cancer.

Results: A marked decrease of Lactobacillus crispatus was found in the CIN/cancer groups compared with that in the normal group.

Status of HPV vaccination among HPV-infected women aged 20-60 years with abnormal cervical cytology in South Korea: a multicenter, retrospective study.

Objectives: Since 2007, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines have been administered for the prevention of cervical cancer in Korea. We investigated the status of HPV vaccination among HPV-infected adult women with abnormal cervical cytology before the introduction of National Immunization Program.

Methods: From 2010 to 2016, HPV-positive women (age, 20-60 years) with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) were enrolled from five hospitals across Korea.

A Phase II, Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter, Open-Label Study of GX-188E, an HPV DNA Vaccine, in Patients with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia 3.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of the therapeutic DNA vaccine GX-188E for inducing regression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 3.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a prospective, randomized, multicenter, open-label, phase II clinical trial of GX-188E in CIN3 patients positive for human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16/18. The primary endpoint was to determine the histopathologic regression to ≤CIN1 at visit seven (V7; 20 weeks after the first GX-188E injection), and an extension study was pursued until visit 8 (V8; 36 weeks after the first GX-188E injection).

Human papillomavirus genotype-specific risk in cervical carcinogenesis.

Objective: To evaluate the risk of genotype-specific human papillomavirus (HPV) infections for the spectrum of cervical carcinogenesis and the distribution of HPV types according to age and different cervical lesions.

Methods: This study included HPV-positive women who underwent cervical biopsy at the Cheil General Hospital & Women's Healthcare Center between July 1, 2011 and December 31, 2017. HPV genotyping was conducted using a Cheil HPV DNA chip kit.

Risk factors for cytological progression in HPV 16 infected women with ASC-US or LSIL: The Korean HPV cohort.

Objective: This study was to identify the risk factors for cytological progression in women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL).

Methods: We analyzed data from women infected with the human papillomavirus (HPV) who participated in the Korean HPV cohort study. The cohort recruited women aged 20-60 years with abnormal cervical cytology (ASC-US or LSIL) from April 2010.

Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the vulva, intestinal type.

Primary vulva malignancy is a rare gynecologic malignancy. Most of them are squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas are much less common. Intestinal type is a rare variant of primary adenocarcinoma of the vulva.

Clinicopathological significance of atypical glandular cells on cervicovaginal Pap smears.

Objective: To evaluate the histologic correlation and clinical significance of atypical glandular cells (AGC) detected on Pap tests.

Methods: Pap tests interpreted as AGC were retrieved from an institutional cytopathology database. The AGC subcategories according to the Bethesda system 2001 include atypical glandular cells, not otherwise specified (AGC-NOS), atypical endometrial cells (AEM), and atypical endocervical cells (AEC).

Comparison of Unsatisfactory Samples from Conventional Smear versus Liquid-Based Cytology in Uterine Cervical Cancer Screening Test.

Background: Cervical cytology for uterine cervical cancer screening has transitioned from conventional smear (CS) to liquid-based cytology (LBC), which has many advantages. The aim of this study was to compare the proportion of unsatisfactory specimens from CS versus LBC at multiple institutions including general hospitals and commercial laboratories.

Methods: Each participating institution provided a minimum of 500 Papanicolaou (Pap) test results for analysis.

Adenofibroma in the Uterine Cervix Manifesting as Multilocular Cystic Lesions.

Uterine cervical adenofibroma, a very rare benign neoplasm, has rarely been reported in imaging features in the English literature. Herein, we describe a case of uterine cervical adenofibroma that was depicted as a multilocular cystic lesion with enhanced solid portions.

Combined SYBR Green real-time polymerase chain reaction and microarray method for the simultaneous determination of human papillomavirus loads and genotypes.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the principle of the Cheil HPV DNA Chip assay and evaluate its accuracy. In order to quantify the human papillomavirus (HPV) load and identify HPV genotypes simultaneously, this assay combined the two methods: SYBR Green quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA microarray.

Methods: We designed novel consensus primer sets that target the conserved region of the HPV L1 gene for quantifying and detecting a broad range of HPV types by quantitative real-time PCR.

The Impact of High-Risk HPV Genotypes Other Than HPV 16/18 on the Natural Course of Abnormal Cervical Cytology: A Korean HPV Cohort Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) other than HPV 16/18 on the natural course of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL).

Materials And Methods: The study population was derived from the Korean HPV cohort (2010-2014). Women aged 20 to 60 who satisfied the criteria of having both HPV infection and abnormal cervical cytology of either ASC-US or LSIL were recruited from five institutions nationwide.

Associations between sexually transmitted infections, high-risk human papillomavirus infection, and abnormal cervical Pap smear results in OB/GYN outpatients.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the meaning and usefulness of sexually transmitted infection (STI) test when caring for patients who have abnormal cervical cytology and/or positive high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA test results.

Methods: Among patients who underwent liquid-based cervical cytology and HPV DNA tests at the Obstetrics and Gynecology outpatient clinic, 800 patients who showed abnormal cervical cytology were compared with 200 patients in the control group. Both groups were simultaneously tested via multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction for seven types of STI-causative microorganisms.

DNA methylation in human papillomavirus-infected cervical cells is elevated in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and cancer.

Objective: DNA methylation has been shown to be a potential biomarker for early cancer detection. The aim of this study was to evaluate DNA methylation profiles according to liquid-based Pap (LBP) test results and to assess their diagnostic value in a Korean population.

Methods: A total of 205 patients with various Papanicolaou test results were enrolled to this study (negative, 26; atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 39; low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, 44; high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), 48; and cancer, 48).

Risk factor analysis of recurrence in low-grade endometrial adenocarcinoma.

Prognosis of endometrial adenocarcinoma is favorable; however, the risk of recurrence ranges from 7% to 13%. Recurrence has been related to age, tumor type, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics grade, depth of invasion, and lymphovascular invasion (LVI); however, morphologic features that would predict the site of recurrence have not been established. In this multi-institutional study, we reviewed 589 patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics grades 1 or 2 endometrial adenocarcinoma, endometrioid type.

The Korean guideline for cervical cancer screening.

The incidence rate of cervical cancer in Korea is still higher than in other developed countries, notwithstanding the national mass-screening program. Furthermore, a new method has been introduced in cervical cancer screening. Therefore, the committee for cervical cancer screening in Korea updated the recommendation statement established in 2002.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of cervical cancer screening strategies based on the Papanicolaou smear test in Korea.

Background: Despite the increasing number of screening examinations performed for cervical cancer utilizing the Papanicolaou smear test (Pap test), few studies have examined whether this strategy is cost-effective in Korea.

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of cervical cancer screening strategies incorporating the Pap test based on age at the start and end of screening as well as screening interval.

Materials And Methods: We designed four alternative screening strategies based on patient age when screening was started (20 or 30 years) and discontinued (lifetime, 79 years).

MicroRNA expression profiling and Notch1 and Notch2 expression in minimal deviation adenocarcinoma of uterine cervix.

Background: MicroRNA (miRNA) expression is known to be deregulated in cervical carcinomas. However, no data is available about the miRNA expression pattern for the minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (MDA) of uterine cervix. We sought to detect deregulated miRNAs in MDA in an attempt to find the most dependable miRNA or their combinations to understand their tumorigenesis pathway and to identify diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers.

Clearance of persistent HPV infection and cervical lesion by therapeutic DNA vaccine in CIN3 patients.

Here, we demonstrate that electroporation-enhanced immunization with a rationally designed HPV DNA vaccine (GX-188E), preferentially targeting HPV antigens to dendritic cells, elicits a significant E6/E7-specific IFN-γ-producing T-cell response in all nine cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (CIN3) patients. Importantly, eight out of nine patients exhibit an enhanced polyfunctional HPV-specific CD8 T-cell response as shown by an increase in cytolytic activity, proliferative capacity and secretion of effector molecules. Notably, seven out of nine patients display complete regression of their lesions and viral clearance within 36 weeks of follow up.

Neuregulin-1 induces cancer stem cell characteristics in breast cancer cell lines.

In breast cancer, neuregulin-1 (NRG1) is known as a ligand for the HER3 receptor, which has no intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. When activated by NRG1 binding, the HER3 receptor forms a heterodimer with other HER family receptors and mediates downstream signaling pathways, leading to multiple effects including growth, proliferation, decreased apoptosis, cellular migration and angiogenesis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subgroup of cancer cells, are considered to have features of stem cells such as self-renewal ability and pluripotent differentiation into other types of mature cells.

Risk factors for recurrence and prognosis of low-grade endometrial adenocarcinoma; vaginal versus other sites.

Endometrial adenocarcinoma is the most common gynecologic cancer in the United States. The prognosis is generally favorable, however, a significant number of patients do develop local or distant recurrence. The most common site of recurrence is vaginal.

Development of reference materials to detect 15 different human papillomavirus genotypes.

Accurate human papillomavirus (HPV) typing is essential for evaluating and monitoring HPV vaccines in cervical cancer screening and in epidemiological surveys. In our country, different HPV DNA detection and genotyping methodologies have been established for diagnosing and monitoring HPV-related disease in clinical practice and for research. However, there is a lack of reference materials to standardize the methods for HPV detection and genotyping.

Dual immunostaining of cervical cytology specimens with atypical squamous cells for p16/Ki-67 does not exclude the existence of a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion.

This study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of p16/Ki-67 dual immunostaining compared to high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) DNA testing for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in women with atypical squamous cells, cytology not excluding high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H). Data were collected from 73 patients diagnosed to have ASC-H on a Pap smear who were HPV genotyped and had histological examination of a cervical biopsy. The CINtecPLUS kit was used on residual liquid-based material, and the immunoreactivity of dual-stained cells was graded according to the number as follows: G1 (1-5 positive cells), G2 (6-10), G3 (11-20), and G4 (> 20).

Practice guidelines for the early detection of cervical cancer in Korea: Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology and the Korean Society for Cytopathology 2012 edition.

The consensus guideline development committee of Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology was reconvened in March 2012. The committee consisted of 36 experts representing 12 university hospitals and professional organizations. The objective of this committee was to develop standardized guidelines for cervical cancer screening tests for Korean women and to distribute these guidelines to every clinician, eventually improving the quality of medical care.

Establishment of a Korea HPV cohort study.

We have designed a five-year multicentre prospective cohort study in women who are both human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive with either atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) of cervix. This study aimed to analyze the risk of developing a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) from either ASCUS or LSIL in HPV-positive women, so called 'progression' rate, to investigate differences in the progression rates according to HPV type-specific infection, and to evaluate the various factors associated with the persistence or clearance of HPV infection in the Korean population. At present, the study protocol composed of cervical cytology, HPV DNA testing, and questionnaire have been conducted actively since the first participant was enrolled in 2010.