Combined treatment of surgery and sclerotherapy for sinus pericranii.

Sinus pericranii is a rare vascular anomaly characterized by abnormal venous communication between the inner and outer regions of the cranial cavity. Here, we report a case of sinus pericranii and venous malformations in the right periorbital region of a 2-year-old girl. Radiologic findings showed venous malformations in the right parietal region communicating with the superior sagittal sinus in the intracranial region.

Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Using Co-Registration with PET-CT and MRI for Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma with Previous Radiotherapy : A Single Center 14-Year Experience.

Objective: We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS) for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in patients who previously underwent radiotherapy, and analyzed the treatment outcomes over 14 years.

Methods: Ten patients with recurrent NPC who had previously received radiotherapy underwent stereotactic radiosurgery using a Gamma Knife® (Elekta Inc, Atlanta, GA, USA) between 2005 and 2018. The median target volume was 8.

Quantitative Gait Analysis and Cerebrospinal Fluid Tap Test for Idiopathic Normal-pressure Hydrocephalus.

We investigated gait performance utilizing a quantitative gait analysis for 2 groups: (1) idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) patients who had a positive response to the cerebrospinal fluid tap test (CSFTT) and (2) healthy controls. The aims of the study were (1) to analyze the characteristics of gait features, (2) to characterize changes in gait parameters before and after the CSFTT, and (3) to determine whether there was any relationship between stride time and stride length variability and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) scores in INPH patients. Twenty-three INPH patients and 17 healthy controls were included in this study.

Progressively enlarging childhood chronic subdural hematoma surgically treated 26 years after diagnosis.

Pediatric chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a relatively common disorder. Treatment often requires burr hole drainage or subduroperitoneal shunt placement; some patients are managed conservatively. However, the long-term outcome of untreated pediatric CSDH is unknown.

Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas Involving the Transverse-Sigmoid Sinus : A Single Center Experience and Review of the Literatures.

Objective: We retrospectively assessed the efficacy of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) involving the transverse-sigmoid sinus and analyzed the angiographic and clinical results with our 8-year experience.

Methods: Nine patients with intracranial DAVFs involving the transverse-sigmoid sinus underwent SRS using a Gamma Knife® (Elekta Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA) between 2009 and 2016.

Brain Metastasis from Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treated with Stereotactic Radiosurgery.

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignant tumor of the head and neck, and is associated with high recurrence and low survival rates; however, distant brain metastasis from NPC is rare.

Case Description: The authors report 3 cases of brain metastasis from NPC treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). A 49-year-old woman presented was diagnosed with brain metastasis from NPC, which occurred 53 months after the initial diagnosis of NPC.

Do Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Endostatin Reflect Radiological Radiation-Induced Changes After Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations?

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endostatin in patients with cerebral treated by stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), and to assess their association with radiological radiation-induced changes (RICs).

Methods: To measure serum biomarkers, peripheral venous blood was collected before SRS and 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after SRS. To evaluate RICs, clinical and neuroimaging follow-up were performed concurrently every 6 months after SRS.

Prognostic Value of Serum Levels of S100 Calcium-Binding Protein B, Neuron-Specific Enolase, and Interleukin-6 in Pediatric Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: To analyze serum levels of S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and interleukin (IL)-6 in pediatric patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to assess their relationship with clinical outcome.

Methods: To measure biomarkers, peripheral venous blood was collected within 6 hours and 1 week after TBI. Initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores and Glasgow Outcome Scale scores 6 months after the trauma were used to evaluate clinical outcome.

Serial measurement of S100B and NSE in pediatric traumatic brain injury.

Purpose: Increased serum biomakers, such as S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE), are associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The purpose of this study is to investigate the serum levels of S100B and NSE in pediatric TBI patients and to predict a clinical outcome.

Methods: Peripheral venous blood was collected within 6 h of injury and at 1 week to measure S100B and NSE.

Expression of Aquaporin 1 and 4 in the Choroid Plexus and Brain Parenchyma of Kaolin-Induced Hydrocephalic Rats.

Objective: Aquaporin (AQP) is a recently discovered protein that regulates water homeostasis. The present study examines changes in AQP 1 and 4 in kaolin induced experimental hydrocephalic rats to elucidate the pathophysiology of water homeostasis in the disease.

Methods: Hydrocephalus was induced by percutaneous intracisternal injection of kaolin.

Traumatic Brain Injury in Children under Age 24 Months: Analysis of Demographic Data, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Post-traumatic Seizure.

Objective: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children under age 24 months has characteristic features because the brain at this age is rapidly growing and sutures are opened. Moreover, children this age are completely dependent on their parents. We analyzed the demographic data and risk factors for outcomes in TBI patients in this age group to elucidate their clinical characteristics.

Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Dural Carotid Cavernous Sinus Fistulas.

Objective: We reviewed our 7-year experience to assess the efficacy of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for dural carotid cavernous fistulas (DCCFs). We analyzed the clinical outcome, complications, and angiographic results.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 18 consecutive patients with DCCFs treated by SRS alone using Gamma Knife between 2009 and 2015.

Stereotactic radiosurgery for intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: its clinical and angiographic perspectives.

Background: To assess the efficacy of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs), the authors retrospectively reviewed our 7-year experience. We evaluated the obliteration rate, improvement in clinical symptoms, and complications.

Methods: Thirty patients with DAVF underwent SRS using a Gamma Knife between 2009 and 2015.

Chronic Subdural Hematoma Preceded by High-Impact Trauma: Does the Intensity of Trauma Influence the Pathogenesis of Traumatic Chronic Subdural Hematoma?

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the intensity of trauma influences the pathogenesis of traumatic chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH).

Material And Methods: Thirty-one patients treated surgically for traumatic CSDH were divided into high-impact and lowimpact groups according to the intensity of trauma. They were respectively evaluated with respect to clinical and radiological findings at presentation, and the subdural concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor, and beta-trace protein (ΒTP) [a highly specific protein in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)] related to the pathogenesis of CSDH.

Asymmetric and Upper Body Parkinsonism in Patients with Idiopathic Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus.

Background And Purpose: Our aims were to analyze the characteristics of parkinsonian features and to characterize changes in parkinsonian motor symptoms before and after the cerebrospinal fluid tap test (CSFTT) in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) patients.

Methods: INPH subjects were selected in consecutive order from a prospectively enrolled INPH registry. Fifty-five INPH patients (37 males) having a positive response to the CSFTT constituted the final sample for analysis.

Update of Diagnostic Evaluation of Craniosynostosis with a Focus on Pediatric Systematic Evaluation and Genetic Studies.

Most craniosynostoses are sporadic, but may have an underlying genetic basis. Secondary and syndromic craniosynostosis accompanies various systemic diseases or associated anomalies. Early detection of an associated disease may facilitate the interdisciplinary management of patients and improve outcomes.

Multiple Cerebral Infarctions due to Unilateral Traumatic Vertebral Artery Dissection after Cervical Fractures.

We report a case of multiple symptomatic cerebral infarctions from a traumatic vertebral artery dissection (VAD) after cervical fractures. A 73-year-old man was admitted with stuporous mentality and left hemiparesis after a motor-vehicle accident. A brain computed tomography (CT) scan at admission showed a traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage on the left parietal lobe.

Analysis of Circulating Endostatin and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Patients with Pituitary Adenoma Treated by Stereotactic Radiosurgery: A Preliminary Study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate plasma levels of endostatin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in normal subjects and in patients with pituitary adenoma and to evaluate change in these levels following stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for pituitary adenoma.

Methods: Peripheral venous blood was collected from five patients with pituitary adenoma before SRS using Gamma Knife and at the 1 week and 1 month follow-up visits. Plasma endostatin and VEGF levels were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.

A Retrospective Analysis of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Revision Cases of a Single Institute.

Objective: Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt complication is a major obstacle in the management of hydrocephalus. To study the differences of VP shunt complications between children and adults, we analyzed shunt revision surgery performed at our hospital during the past 10 years.

Methods: Patients who had undergone shunt revision surgery from January 2001 to December 2010 were evaluated retrospectively by chart review about age distribution, etiology of hydrocephalus, and causes of revision.

Correlation of the Beta-trace protein and inflammatory cytokines with magnetic resonance imaging in chronic subdural hematomas : a prospective study.

Objective: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) detects various patterns, which can be attributed to many factors. The purpose of this study was to measure the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and highly specific protein [beta-trace protein (βTP)] for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in CSDHs, and correlate the levels of these markers with the MRI findings.

Methods: Thirty one patients, treated surgically for CSDH, were divided on the basis of MRI findings into hyperintense and non-hyperintense groups.

Change in plasma vascular endothelial growth factor after gamma knife radiosurgery for meningioma: a preliminary study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the plasma level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) after Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for the treatment of meningioma.

Methods: Fourteen patients with meningiomas had peripheral venous blood collected at the time of GKRS and at 1 week, 1 month, 3 month and 6 month visits. Plasma VEGF levels were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Bi-Coronal Separated Skull Fracture: A Unique and Fatal Type of Traumatic Head Injury in Infancy: A Case Report.

The infantile skull is malleable, and its sutures are tightly adhering to the underlying dura and venous sinus. These characteristics, in association with the small amount of total blood volume, can result in a specific fatal type of skull fracture, which is unique to infancy. The authors report a case of this injury, and stress the need to pay attention to the possibility of massive bleeding during operation in infants.

Shunt-responsive idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patient with delayed improvement after tap test.

The cerebrospinal fluid tap test (CSFTT) is recommended as a key step in the diagnosis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). While there is no generally accepted evaluation period for ascertaining a CSFTT responder, a substantial number of patients are evaluated only once within 24 hours of the test for improvement in gait. We report an iNPH patient with a favorable response to shunt surgery, who was first judged a non-responder by this standard, though subsequently was judged a responder in virtue of repetitively testing gait over 7 days.

Pituitary carcinoma with fourth ventricle metastasis: treatment by excision and Gamma-knife radiosurgery.

Pituitary carcinomas, which are rare, generally present with craniospinal and systemic metastases. Although several treatments exist, the prognoses of patients with pituitary carcinomas are extremely poor to date. In this report, the authors describe the case of a 23-year-old male who had undergone trans-sphenoidal surgery and radiotherapy for an invasive prolactinoma.