A rare pericytic tumor of the kidney: The first case in Korea.

Introduction: A pericytic tumor is a group of mesenchymal neoplasm found in superficial tissues and only rarely described in viscera. The family of pericytic tumors includes glomus tumors and variants, myopericytoma including myofibroma, and angioleiomyoma etc. The renal pericytic tumor is extremely rare, and only few comprehensive discussions about this entity have been done.

Verification of mesenchymal stem cell injection therapy for interstitial cystitis in a rat model.

Objective: Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic intractable disease. Recently, the potential application of stem cell (SC) therapy was suggested for IC management. This study aimed to establish an optimal SC source and verify the efficacy and safety of SC injection therapy in an IC rat model.

Clinical significance of the De Ritis ratio for detecting prostate cancer in a repeat prostate biopsy.

Purpose: We evaluated factors predicting a positive repeat biopsy result in patients with an initial negative prostate biopsy result.

Materials And Methods: This study included 124 patients in whom prostate cancer (PCa) was not detected in the initial transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy and who underwent repeat biopsy from January 2011 to December 2017. Patients without PCa in both initial and repeat prostate biopsies were designated as group 1 (n=82), and those in whom PCa was detected on a repeat prostate biopsy were designated as group 2 (n=42).

Efficacy of Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Receiving Docetaxel-Based Chemotherapy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the comparative effectiveness of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) combined with docetaxel (DTX)-based chemotherapy in Korean and Japanese castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patient cohorts.

Materials And Methods: Metastatic CRPC patients who underwent more than three DTX-based chemotherapy cycles in Korea and Japan between 2002 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into the DTX-only (DTX, n=30) and combination (DTX+ADT, n=46) groups. Progression-free survival (PFS) was calculated as the time from the start of chemotherapy to the occurrence of either disease progression (prostate-specific antigen [PSA] progression or radiographic progression) or death.

Susceptibility of the Index Urinary Tract Infection to Prophylactic Antibiotics Is a Predictive Factor of Breakthrough Urinary Tract Infection in Children with Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux Receiving Continuous Antibiotic Prophylaxis.

Background: Few studies have reported on breakthrough urinary tract infection (UTI) associated with the susceptibility of index UTI to prophylactic antibiotics in children with primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) receiving continuous antibiotic prophylaxis (CAP). We assessed the impact of the susceptibility of index UTI to prophylactic antibiotics in breakthrough UTIs in children with primary VUR receiving CAP.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 81 children with primary VUR who were diagnosed after febrile or symptomatic UTI and subsequently received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) as CAP between January 2010 and December 2013.

Decrease in skeletal muscle index 1 year after radical cystectomy as a prognostic indicator in patients with urothelial bladder cancer.

Purpose: The present study aimed to determine whether sarcopenia after radical cystectomy (RC) could predict overall survival (OS) in patients with urothelial bladder cancer (UBC).

Materials And Methods: The lumbar skeletal muscle index (SMI) of 80 patients was measured before and 1 year after RC. The prognostic signifi cance of sarcopenia and SMI decrease after RC were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and a multivariable Cox regression model.

Safety and Regeneration of Long-Term Transported Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells for Renal Regeneration.

Background: Despite major progress in stem cell therapy, our knowledge of the characteristics and tissue regeneration potency of long-term transported cells is insufficient. In a previous study, we established the optimal cell transport conditions for amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs). In the present study, the target tissue regeneration of long-term transported cells was validated .

A Novel Dorsal Slit Approached Non-Ischemic Partial Nephrectomy Method for a Renal Tissue Regeneration in a Mouse Model.

Background: Kidney ischemia-reperfusion (IR) via laparotomy is a conventional method for kidney surgery in a mouse model. However, IR, an invasive procedure, can cause serious acute and chronic complications through apoptotic and inflammatory pathways. To avoid these adverse responses, a Non-IR and dorsal slit approach was designed for kidney surgery.

Activated carbon fiber filters could reduce the risk of surgical smoke exposure during laparoscopic surgery: application of volatile organic compounds.

Background: Generation of smoke is inevitable during surgical procedures. Some volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in surgical smoke are known to be strong carcinogens. We used a prototype of a multi-layered complex filter in an attempt to eliminate VOCs.

Predictive value of cortical transit time on MAG3 for surgery in antenatally detected unilateral hydronephrosis caused by ureteropelvic junction stenosis.

Background: In children with antenatally detected hydronephrosis caused by ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) stenosis, the main challenge is preserving renal function by identifying children who require early surgical intervention from those for whom watchful waiting may be appropriate because of the potential for spontaneous resolution without a significant loss of renal function.

Objective: To assess the impact of initial cortical transit time (CTT) on technetium-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycerine (MAG3) diuretic renogram on the need for surgery in children with antenatally detected unilateral hydronephrosis caused by UPJ stenosis.

Study Design: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 33 patients with antenatally detected unilateral hydronephrosis caused by UPJ stenosis who were managed at our institution between 2006 and 2014.

Clinical Significance of Subclassification of Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma: Comparison of Clinicopathologic Parameters and Oncologic Outcomes Between Papillary Histologic Subtypes 1 and 2 Using the Korean Renal Cell Carcinoma Database.

Introduction: The aims of the present study were to compare the clinicopathologic characteristics between type 1 and type 2 papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) and to evaluate the effect of the subclassification of pRCC on the oncologic outcomes after surgery.

Materials And Methods: The records of 274 patients with pRCC in the Korean renal cell carcinoma (KORCC) database were included for evaluation. Of the 274 patients, 118 had type 1 pRCC and 156 had type 2 pRCC.

VUR timing on VCUG as a predictive factor of VUR resolution after endoscopic therapy.

Background: The timing of reflux onset on VCUG (VUR timing) has been considered a predictive factor of spontaneous resolution in VUR children. While the voiding reflux is associated with a greater rate of spontaneous resolution, the filling reflux is more likely to require surgical intervention. However, the VUR timing in children with primary VUR has not been evaluated with regard to the prognostic value of endoscopic therapy.

Predictive factors for conservative treatment failure in grade IV pediatric blunt renal trauma.

Background: Most children with grade IV renal injury are treated using a conservative approach with a high success rate. However, a small minority of patients with grade IV renal injury require urological intervention because of symptomatic urinomas. The challenge lies in predicting which of the patients receiving initial conservative treatment may require delayed interventional management because of urological complications.

Pre-clinical efficacy and safety evaluation of human amniotic fluid-derived stem cell injection in a mouse model of urinary incontinence.

Purpose: Stem cell-based therapies represent new promises for the treatment of urinary incontinence. This study was performed to assess optimized cell passage number, cell dose, therapeutic efficacy, feasibility, toxicity, and cell trafficking for the first step of the pre-clinical evaluation of human amniotic fluid stem cell (hAFSC) therapy in a urinary incontinence animal model.

Materials And Methods: The proper cell passage number was analyzed with hAFSCs at passages 4, 6, and 8 at week 2.

Urethroplasty by use of turnover flaps (modified mathieu procedure) for distal hypospadias repair in adolescents: comparison with the tubularized incised plate procedure.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine whether urethroplasty with a turnover flap, as an alternative method of distal hypospadias repair in adolescents, improves the outcome of surgery.

Materials And Methods: Between January 2004 and December 2013, a total of 38 adolescents (aged 11-17 years) underwent distal hypospadias repair with either the tubularized incised plate (TIP) procedure (n=25) or the turnover flap procedure (n=13). The turnover flap procedure was performed with a proximal, ventral penile flap that was turned over to cover the urethral plate.

Two different surgical approaches for prostatic stromal sarcoma: robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and open radical cysto-prostatectomy with ileal conduit.

Stromal sarcoma of the prostate is very rare and shows rapid growth, which consequently is related to poor prognosis. Recently, we treated two cases of prostatic stromal sarcoma: one with robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and the other with open radical cysto-prostatectomy with an ileal conduit. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of a prostatic stromal sarcoma managed by use of a robotic procedure.

Development of a porcine renal extracellular matrix scaffold as a platform for kidney regeneration.

Acellular scaffolds, possessing an intact three-dimensional extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture and biochemical components, are promising for regeneration of complex organs, such as the kidney. We have successfully developed a porcine renal acellular scaffold and analyzed its physical/biochemical characteristics, biocompatibility, and kidney reconstructive potential. Segmented porcine kidney cortexes were treated with either 1% (v/v) Triton X-100 (Triton) or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS).

Surgical smoke may be a biohazard to surgeons performing laparoscopic surgery.

Background: Surgical smoke production is inevitable during surgical procedures. Although many workplaces have adopted smoke-free environments, healthcare workers, especially surgeons, continue to be exposed to surgical smoke.

Methods: From February 2013 to March 2013, a total of 20 patients underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma.

A Case of Duplicated Vas Deferens Found Incidentally during Varicocelectomy.

Duplication of the vas deferens is a very rare congenital anomaly in which two vasa deferentia coexist within the spermatic cord. Duplication of the vas deferens can be found during herniorrhaphy, vasectomy, and varicocelectomy performed on the spermatic cord or around the spermatic cord. However, it is estimated that the incidence of duplication of the vas deferens is under-reported and under-recognized.

Risk factors for the development of urethrocutaneous fistula after hypospadias repair: a retrospective study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors for urethrocutaneous fistula development after hypospadias repair.

Materials And Methods: Between January 1990 and May 2010, 348 patients underwent hypospadias repair. This study included 294 patients who were followed up for more than 6 months.

Long-term outcomes of retractile testis.

Purpose: Retractile testis is considered to be a variant of normal testis in prepubertal boys. There is no agreed-upon management of retractile testis. The aim of this study was to provide data on the long-term outcomes of patients with retractile testis.

Investigation of the requirements of 'good teaching' to improve teaching professionalism in medical education.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to survey the awareness of faculty (F) and students (S) on 'good teaching' and to analyze an example of good lesson, finally to identify the requirements of 'good teaching' in medical education.

Methods: Quantitative and qualitative methods were applied simultaneously. First, survey using a questionnaire was analyzed by frequency analysis and verified using chi-square-test, Mann-Whitney test.

The value of estimation of distal ureteral dilatation in primary vesicoureteral reflux.

Purpose: Recently, several studies have suggested that distal ureteral dilatation is an important factor influencing the spontaneous resolution of primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). We evaluated the relationship between distal ureteral dilatation and the spontaneous resolution of primary VUR.

Materials And Methods: The medical records of 114 patients with primary VUR maintained on prophylactic antibiotics from April 1999 to August 2008 were retrospectively reviewed.

Efficacy of low-dose tamsulosin on lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia : a nonblind multicentre korean study.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of tamsulosin 0.2mg once daily in Korean patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), who were treated for up to 1 year.

Materials And Methods: Of the 211 patients from six urology outpatient centres who participated in this investigation, 146 patients were evaluable.