Primary ALK-Negative -Rearranged Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma in the Bladder: Potential for Misdiagnosis.

A 76-year-old gentleman presented with persistent lower urinary tract symptoms. Multiple biopsies, radiological correlation and ancillary studies were required to achieve a diagnosis. The main differential diagnoses lies between urothelial carcinoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), both of which are known to be positive for p63 and GATA3.

Small molecule inhibition of Dynamin-dependent endocytosis targets multiple niche signals and impairs leukemia stem cells.

Intensive chemotherapy for acute leukemia can usually induce complete remission, but fails in many patients to eradicate the leukemia stem cells responsible for relapse. There is accumulating evidence that these relapse-inducing cells are maintained and protected by signals provided by the microenvironment. Thus, inhibition of niche signals is a proposed strategy to target leukemia stem cells but this requires knowledge of the critical signals and may be subject to compensatory mechanisms.

Attenuated Acceleration to Leukemia after Ezh2 Loss in Nup98-HoxD13 (NHD13) Myelodysplastic Syndrome.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Restricted cell cycle is essential for clonal evolution and therapeutic resistance of pre-leukemic stem cells.

Pre-leukemic stem cells (pre-LSCs) give rise to leukemic stem cells through acquisition of additional gene mutations and are an important source of relapse following chemotherapy. We postulated that cell-cycle kinetics of pre-LSCs may be an important determinant of clonal evolution and therapeutic resistance. Using a doxycycline-inducible H2B-GFP transgene in a mouse model of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia to study cell cycle in vivo, we show that self-renewal, clonal evolution and therapeutic resistance are limited to a rare population of pre-LSCs with restricted cell cycle.