Vestibular hair cells are more prone to damage by excessive acceleration insult in the mouse with KCNQ4 dysfunction.

KCNQ4 is a voltage-gated K channel was reported to distribute over the basolateral surface of type 1 vestibular hair cell and/or inner surface of calyx and heminode of the vestibular nerve connected to the type 1 vestibular hair cells of the inner ear. However, the precise localization of KCNQ4 is still controversial and little is known about the vestibular phenotypes caused by KCNQ4 dysfunction or the specific role of KCNQ4 in the vestibular organs. To investigate the role of KCNQ4 in the vestibular organ, 6-g hypergravity stimulation for 24 h, which represents excessive mechanical stimulation of the sensory epithelium, was applied to p.

Nationwide Prevalence of Video Head Impulse Test Abnormality and its Risk Factors in South Korea.

Objective: To identify the prevalence of and relevant information for video head impulse test (vHIT) abnormality in a large population.

Study Design: A cross-sectional design.

Setting: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2021.

Vestibular dysfunction in lateral semicircular canal dysplasia.

Introduction: Lateral semicircular canal (LSCC) dysplasia is the most common inner ear malformation. The severity of dysplasia can appear in various spectrums, from a short and broad LSCC with normal or small-sized central bony island (CBI) to a single fluid-filled cavity confluent with the vestibule without CBI. However, reports on the association between LSCC dysplasia and the loss of vestibular function are still lacking.

Results of Eustachian tube balloon dilation measured using the nine-step test.

Suggested several decades ago, the nine-step test is an intuitive test of Eustachian tube function. However, studies employing the nine-step test to assess the results of Eustachian tube balloon dilation (EBD) are limited. We aimed to objectively evaluate the efficacy of EBD in opening failure patients with decreased maximal peak pressure difference (MPD) using the nine-step test.

Human-machine cooperation meta-model for clinical diagnosis by adaptation to human expert's diagnostic characteristics.

Artificial intelligence (AI) using deep learning approaches the capabilities of human experts in medical image diagnosis. However, due to liability issues in medical decisions, AI is often relegated to an assistant role. Based on this responsibility constraint, the effective use of AI to assist human intelligence in real-world clinics remains a challenge.

Diagnostic Value of the Air-Bone Threshold Gap in Stapes Fixation.

Introduction: The Carhart notch is a well-known sign of stapes fixation. However, previous studies have reported that the Carhart notch is not specific to stapes fixation and is also present in other middle ear diseases. Therefore, this study investigated the diagnostic value of threshold gap between air conduction and bone conduction (ABG) for stapes fixation, instead of the bone conduction dip representing the Carhart notch.

Comprehensive Prediction Model, Including Genetic Testing, for the Outcomes of Cochlear Implantation.

Objectives: Despite growing interest in the genetic contribution to cochlear implant (CI) outcomes, only a few studies with limited samples have examined the association of CI outcomes with genetic etiologies. We analyzed CI outcomes using known predictors and genetic testing results to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the impact of genetic etiologies.

Design: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and images of patients who underwent cochlear implantation and genetic testing at a single tertiary medical institution, between May 2008 and December 2020.

High incidence of cleft palate and vomer deformities in patients with Eustachian tube dysfunction.

Although the cleft palate is regarded as a contraindication for Eustachian tube ballooning, the presence of submucosal cleft palate may be overlooked while diagnosing Eustachian tube dysfunction. Therefore, we aimed to determine the incidence of the presence of a hard palate bony notch and vomer defect, which indicate the presence of submucosal cleft palate in patients with Eustachian tube dysfunction. In the Eustachian tube dysfunction group (n = 28), 4 patients (14.

A Case of Isolated Congenital Stapedial Suprastructure Fixation.

We report a case of conductive hearing loss caused by isolated congenital stapedial suprastructure fixation with normal footplate mobility. A 60-year-old woman visited the clinic for right-sided mixed hearing loss. Exploratory tympanotomy revealed a bony synostosis between the stapedial suprastructure and promontory, while all the ossicles were present and normally shaped.

Purinergic signaling in the peripheral vestibular system.

The inner ear comprises the cochlea and vestibular system, which detect sound and acceleration stimulation, respectively. The function of the inner ear is regulated by ion transport activity among sensory epithelial cells, neuronal cells, non-sensory epithelial cells, and luminal fluid with a unique ionic composition of high [K] and low [Na], which enables normal hearing and balance maintenance. One of the important mechanisms regulating ion transport in the inner ear is purinergic signaling.

Saccular Pathology Is Most Commonly Found in Patients With General Vestibular Disorders.

Objectives: The first purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in the frequency of involvement of the superior vestibular nerve (SVN) and inferior vestibular nerve (IVN) territories in general vestibular disorders, and to identify which IVN territory was more commonly involved in patients with IVN lesions. The second purpose was to investigate the correlation of the degree of each saccular and posterior semicircular canal (PSCC) dysfunction, as represented by the parameters of cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) and video head impulse test (vHIT), in patients with pathology of the IVN territory.

Methods: In total, 346 patients with dizziness who underwent the caloric test, cVEMP, and vHIT were enrolled.

Differential Biases and Variabilities of Deep Learning-Based Artificial Intelligence and Human Experts in Clinical Diagnosis: Retrospective Cohort and Survey Study.

Background: Deep learning (DL)-based artificial intelligence may have different diagnostic characteristics than human experts in medical diagnosis. As a data-driven knowledge system, heterogeneous population incidence in the clinical world is considered to cause more bias to DL than clinicians. Conversely, by experiencing limited numbers of cases, human experts may exhibit large interindividual variability.

Effect of Dexamethasone Combination with Gentamicin in Chemical Labyrinthectomy on Hearing Preservation and Vertigo Control in Patients with Unilateral Meniere's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Chemical labyrinthectomy using gentamicin is a popular method for treating intractable vertigo attacks in Meniere's disease. However, the risk of hearing loss remains a major concern for clinicians. We investigated the effect of simultaneous dexamethasone and gentamicin application on hearing preservation and vertigo control in patients with intractable unilateral Meniere's disease.

One-stage cochlear implantation in patients with chronic otitis media using canal wall up mastoidectomy.

Background: Cochlear implantation (CI) with subtotal petrosectomy was recommended to avoid the complications for patients with chronic otitis media (COM).

Objectives: To evaluate the surgical outcomes of CI in patients with COM using a one-stage operation with canal wall up mastoidectomy (CWUM).

Methods: Thirty-five patients with COM who underwent CI with CWUM as a one-stage between 2009 and 2017 were participated.

Effects of endogenous and exogenous oestrogen exposure on hearing level in postmenopausal women: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: To investigate the effect of endogenous and exogenous oestrogen exposure on hearing levels in postmenopausal women.

Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Setting: Population-based survey data collected by the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2012.

Importance of High-Frequency Vestibular Function in the Prognosis of Bilateral Vestibulopathy.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether preserved vestibular function in the high-frequency range influences the prognosis of patients with bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP) after vestibular rehabilitation.

Methods: Twenty-four patients followed up with vestibular rehabilitation were recruited. The enrolled patients were divided into two groups according to the preservation of the high-frequency vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) based on the video head impulse test (vHIT).

Feasibility of Asynchronous and Automated Telemedicine in Otolaryngology: Prospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: COVID-19 often causes respiratory symptoms, making otolaryngology offices one of the most susceptible places for community transmission of the virus. Thus, telemedicine may benefit both patients and physicians.

Objective: This study aims to explore the feasibility of telemedicine for the diagnosis of all otologic disease types.

Machine learning approach for prediction of hearing preservation in vestibular schwannoma surgery.

In vestibular schwannoma patients with functional hearing status, surgical resection while preserving the hearing is feasible. Hearing levels, tumor size, and location of the tumor have been known to be candidates of predictors. We used a machine learning approach to predict hearing outcomes in vestibular schwannoma patients who underwent hearing preservation surgery: middle cranial fossa, or retrosigmoid approach.

Clinical Experience of Vibroplasty With Direct Coupling to the Oval Window Without Use of a Coupler.

Objectives/hypothesis: To investigate the efficacy of direct implantation of a Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB) implant in the oval window (OW) without the use of an OW coupler in patients with severe mixed hearing loss.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review METHODS: A total of 62 patients underwent VSB implantation between July 2016 and December 2018 at Severance Hospital in Seoul, South Korea. Among them, eight patients (nine ears) with moderate-to-severe mixed hearing loss were implanted with a VSB directly in the OW.

Audiological and Vestibular Functions in Patients With Lateral Semicircular Canal Dysplasia and Aplasia.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate audiologic and vestibular functions in patients with lateral semicircular canal (LSCC) dysplasia/aplasia.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of a patients with LSCC dysplasia and aplasia at tertiary referral center. The subjects included 15 patients with LSCC dysplasia or aplasia, with or without combined inner ear anomalies.

P2RX2 and P2RX4 receptors mediate cation absorption in transitional cells and supporting cells of the utricular macula.

Purinergic receptors protect the cochlea during high-intensity stimulation by providing a parallel shunt pathway through non-sensory neighboring epithelial cells for cation absorption. So far, there is no direct functional evidence for the presence and type/subunit of purinergic receptors in the utricle of the vestibular labyrinth. The goal of the present study was to investigate which purinergic receptors are expressed and carry cation-absorption currents in the utricular transitional cells and macula.

Gene therapy for hereditary hearing loss by SLC26A4 mutations in mice reveals distinct functional roles of pendrin in normal hearing.

: Mutations of that abrogate pendrin, expressed in endolymphatic sac, cochlea and vestibule, are known to cause autosomal recessive sensorineural hearing loss with enlargement of the membranous labyrinth. This is the first study to demonstrate the feasibility of gene therapy for pendrin-related hearing loss. We used a recombinant viral vector to transfect cDNA into embryonic day 12.