miRNA-Based Early Healing Mechanism of Extraction Sockets: miR-190a-5p, a Potential Enhancer of Bone Healing.

Objective: Tooth extraction causes a wound with hard and soft tissue defects in the alveolar ridge. Few studies have reported the function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the healing of extraction sockets. This study used bioinformatics analysis to reveal the possible relevance and role of miRNAs during the early stages following tooth extraction.

A Study on the Correlation between C-Reactive Protein Concentration and Teeth with a ≥5 mm Periodontal Pocket in Chronic Periodontitis Patients.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between CRP levels and teeth with ≥5 mm PD in chronic periodontitis patients.

Materials And Methods: We evaluated 49 patients with chronic periodontitis who visited the Department of Periodontology at Wonkwang University Dental Hospital. At the first visit, high-sensitive CRP testing of venous blood samples was performed, and correlations were statistically evaluated.

Alveolar Crestal Approach for Maxillary Sinus Membrane Elevation with <4 mm of Residual Bone Height: A Case Report.

Introduction: For maxillary sinus membrane elevation (MSME), the lateral window approach and crestal approach are available, and high success rates have been achieved with low residual bone height as a development of technology.

Objective: To evaluate MSME using the crestal approach with a rotary-grind bur (RGB (including reamer or sinus bur)) in patients with residual bone height of <4 mm.

Materials And Methods: Ten implants were placed in 10 patients with residual bone height of <4 mm, by sinus elevation using an RGB.

BST2 Mediates Osteoblast Differentiation via the BMP2 Signaling Pathway in Human Alveolar-Derived Bone Marrow Stromal Cells.

The molecular mechanisms controlling the differentiation of bone marrow stromal stem cells into osteoblasts remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated whether bone marrow stromal antigen 2 (BST2) influences differentiation toward the osteoblasts lineage. BST2 mRNA expression in human alveolar-derived bone marrow stromal cells (hAD-BMSCs) increased during differentiation into osteoblasts.

Association of gingival biotype with the results of scaling and root planing.

Purpose: The concept of gingival biotype has been used as a predictor of periodontal therapy outcomes since the 1980s. In the present study, prospective and controlled experiments were performed to compare periodontal pocket depth (PPD) reduction and gingival shrinkage (GSH) after scaling and root planing (SRP) according to gingival biotype.

Methods: Twenty-five patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis participated in the present study.

Functionalization of scaffolds with chimeric anti-BMP-2 monoclonal antibodies for osseous regeneration.

Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of murine anti-BMP-2 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) immobilized on an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) to mediate de novo bone formation, a process termed antibody-mediated osseous regeneration (AMOR). The objectives of this study were to assess the efficacy of a newly generated chimeric anti-BMP-2 mAb in mediating AMOR, as well as to evaluate the suitability of different biomaterials as scaffolds to participate in AMOR. Chimeric anti-BMP-2 mAb was immobilized on 4 biomaterials, namely, titanium microbeads (Ti), alginate hydrogel, macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate (MBCP) and ACS, followed by surgical implantation into rat critical-size calvarial defects.

IFITM1 increases osteogenesis through Runx2 in human alveolar-derived bone marrow stromal cells.

The exact molecular mechanisms governing the differentiation of bone marrow stromal stem/progenitor cells (BMSCs) into osteoblasts remain largely unknown. In this study, a highly expressed protein that had a high degree of homology with interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1) was identified using differentially expressed gene (DEG) screening. We sought to determine whether IFITM1 influenced osteoblast differentiation.

In Vitro and In Vivo Osteogenic Activity of Largazole.

Due to their capability of modifying chromatin structure and thereby regulating gene transcription, histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been reported to play important roles in osteogenesis and considered a promising potential therapeutic target for bone diseases, including osteoporosis. We showed that the novel marine-derived HDAC inhibitor largazole exhibits in vitro and in vivo osteogenic activity. Largazole significantly induced the expression of ALP and OPN.

Healing pattern of the mucous membrane after tooth extraction in the maxillary sinus.

Purpose: To investigate the healing pattern of the mucous membrane after tooth extraction necessitated by periodontal disease in the maxillary sinus.

Methods: One hundred and three patients with 119 maxillary sinuses were investigated. Before implant placement, cone-beam computed tomography (CT) scanning was performed.

Effects of the dichloromethane fraction of Dipsaci Radix on the osteoblastic differentiation of human alveolar bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Dipsaci Radix is the dried root of Dipsacus asper Wall. It has been used in Korean herbal medicine to treat bone fractures. In this study, we examined the effect of the dichloromethane fraction of Dipsaci Radix (DR(DM)) on the osteoblastic differentiation of human alveolar bone marrow-derived MSCs (ABM-MSCs).

The anti-inflammatory role of heme oxygenase-1 in lipopolysaccharide and cytokine-stimulated inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide production in human periodontal ligament cells.

Background: Although heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is involved in anti-inflammation, the mechanisms of its activity in regulating periodontal inflammation are largely unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of HO-1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and proinflammatory cytokine-stimulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) production in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells.

Methods: PDL cells were treated with LPS plus a combination of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta in serum-free media for 1 day.

Comparative histomorphometric analysis of extraction sockets healing implanted with bovine xenografts, irradiated cancellous allografts, and solvent-dehydrated allografts in humans.

Purpose: Bovine-derived bone xenograft and mineralized cancellous bone allograft have been successfully used as bone substitutes in dental surgery, but few clinical studies in humans have been reported. The objective of this study was to compare the osteoconductive effects of deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM), irradiated cancellous allograft (ICA), and solvent-dehydrated allograft (SDA) when used to preserve extraction sockets.

Materials And Methods: Twenty patients received bone grafting in extraction sockets with DBBM (n = 7), ICA (n = 8), or SDA (n = 5).

Effects of nicotine on antioxidant defense enzymes and RANKL expression in human periodontal ligament cells.

Background: This study examined the effects of nicotine on osteoblastic differentiation and the osteoclastogenesis regulatory molecules receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). In addition, we investigated the mechanism by which nicotine induced antioxidant defense enzyme expression as a protective response.

Methods: The expression of osteoblast markers, RANKL, OPG, and antioxidant defense enzymes were examined in nicotine-treated human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting.

Characterization of the surface immobilized synthetic heparin binding domain derived from human fibroblast growth factor-2 and its effect on osteoblast differentiation.

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 regulates a variety of cellular functions, such as proliferation and differentiation, by binding to cell surface FGF receptors (FGFRs) in the presence of heparin proteoglycans. FGF-2 is known as a heparin-binding growth factor, but the localization of the heparin binding site has not been fully investigated until now. We used two potential heparin binding domains of FGF-2, the residues 105-111 (F105, YKRSRYT) and 119-135 (F119, KRTGQYKLGSKTGPGQK).

Human pulp cells response to Portland cement in vitro.

The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular effects of Portland cement on cultured human pulp cells. Using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, no cytotoxicity was observed in the Portland cement group in comparison with the negative control group, whereas the glass ionomer cement, intermediate restorative material, and Dycal groups showed a survival rate of less than 40% at 12 hours. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that human pulp cells attached to the Portland cement were flat and had numerous cytoplasmic extensions.

Heme oxygenase-1 mediates cytoprotection against nitric oxide-induced cytotoxicity via the cGMP pathway in human pulp cells.

Objective: This study examined the effects of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on human pulp cells and the involvement of cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) in pulpal protection induced by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) against NO-induced cytotoxicity.

Study Design: This study investigated cytotoxicity and HO-1 induction in pulp cells induced by the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP), by using Western blotting and a cell viability assay. It also investigated whether HO-1 contributes to the cytoprotective effect against the cytotoxicity caused by NO and the relationship between HO-1 and cGMP in the signaling pathway.

Roles of p38 and ERK MAP kinases in IL-8 expression in TNF-alpha- and dexamethasone-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells.

Orthodontic tooth movement is recognized as a pro-inflammatory stressor of human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells. However, the cell-signaling pathways linking interleukin-8 (IL-8), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and dexamethasone in hPDL cells have not been well elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases in dexamethasone- and TNF-alpha-induced IL-8 and ICAM-1 expression in hPDL cells.