Impact of the probiotic on loperamide-induced delayed bowel movement in Sprague-Dawley rats.

This study investigated the effects of on alleviating loperamide-induced constipation. To evaluate the efficacy of in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, fecal parameters, the intestinal transit rate, and changes in intestinal mucosal cells were measured through histological analysis. Additionally, serotonin levels, water absorption, tight junction-related gene expression, and the cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content were analyzed.

Sleep-enhancing effect of Hongcheon-hop (Humulus lupulus L.) extract containing xanthohumol and humulone through GABA receptor.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The bitter resins in hops (Humulus lupulus) modulate GABA receptors, leading to central nervous system suppression, which induces sedative effects and enhances sleep.

Aim Of The Study: This study intends to explore the sleep-enhancing properties of Hongcheon-hop extract, a hop native to Korea, by analyzing sleep structure and its mechanisms through EEG.

Materials And Methods: A pentobarbital-induced sleep model was used, along with EEG analysis to study sleep architecture.

Strategies for the development of in vitro models of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury: Oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation.

Background: In vitro models tailored for spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury are pivotal for investigation of the mechanisms underlying spinal cord injuries. We conducted a two-phased study to identify the optimal conditions for establishing an in vitro model of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury using primary rat spinal motor neurons.

New Method: In the first phase, cell cultures were subjected to oxygen deprivation (OD) only, glucose deprivation (GD) only, or simultaneous deprivation of oxygen and glucose [oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)] for different durations (1, 2, and 6 h).

Yohimbine Inhibits PDGF-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration via FOXO3a Factor.

Yohimbine (YHB) has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and cardiac function-enhancing properties. Additionally, it has been reported to inhibit the proliferation, migration, and neointimal formation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulation by suppressing the phospholipase C-gamma 1 pathway. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of YHB controlling the behavior of VSMCs is not fully understood.

Lactitol Alleviates Loperamide-Induced Constipation in Sprague Dawley Rats by Regulating Serotonin, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, and Gut Microbiota.

The objective of this study was to examine the impact of lactitol on constipation caused by loperamide in Sprague Dawley rats, with a particular emphasis on its underlying mechanisms and potential health advantages. The lactitol effectively improved fecal parameters, intestinal tissue structure, and the expression of constipation-related gene expression and proteins. Lactitol alleviated fecal weight and water content altered by loperamide and enhanced gastrointestinal transit.

M2-Fermented Whey Protein Hydrolysate Increases Slow-Wave Sleep via GABA Receptors in Rodent Models.

In this study, we investigated the effects of whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) fermented with on sleep behavior and GABAergic mechanisms in rodent models. Fermentation converted the glutamate in WPH to high (3.15 ± 0.

A bench study on the prevention of lung-to-lung aspiration with double-lumen endobronchial tubes and bronchial blockers.

Effective lung isolation prevents lung-to-lung aspiration during thoracotomy for the management of hemoptysis. Double-lumen endobronchial tubes (DLT) and bronchial blockers are commonly used for lung separation during thoracic surgery. In this study, the fluid-sealing characteristics of the endobronchial cuffs of three different commercially available DLTs (Broncho-Cath with a polyvinylchloride cuff, Broncho-Cath with a polyurethane cuff, and Human Broncho with a silicone cuff) and two different bronchial blockers (Arndt and Coopdech bronchial blockers) were evaluated using a benchtop model.

Comparison between remimazolam and propofol anaesthesia for interventional neuroradiology: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: General anaesthesia can immobile patients during interventional neuroradiology to improve image quality. Remimazolam, an ultrashort-acting benzodiazepine, is advantageous for haemodynamic stability. This study compared remimazolam and propofol anaesthesia during neuroradiology procedures regarding intraoperative hypotensive events and rapid recovery.

Enzyme Activity and Lipogenesis Inhibition by Fermented Grain Using Natural Enzymes.

This study aims to compare the effects of three enzyme-rich foods, including one fermented (grain enzyme) and two non-fermented foods (enzyme foods 1 and 2), by investigating their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-adipogenic properties. Grain enzyme exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity and was rich in antioxidant components, including total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents. Grain enzyme and enzyme foods 1 and 2 inhibited nitric oxide production by 27, 34, and 17%, respectively, at a concentration of 200 μg/mL in LPS-stimulated macrophages.

The Preparation and Physiochemical Characterization of Chitin Using Alcalase.

Chitin is mostly produced from crustaceans, but it is difficult to supply raw materials due to marine pollution, and the commonly used chemical chitin extraction method is not environmentally friendly. Therefore, this study aims to establish a chitin extraction process using enzymes and to develop edible insect-derived chitin as an eco-friendly new material. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimal conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis.

Postoperative Delirium after Dexmedetomidine versus Propofol Sedation in Healthy Older Adults Undergoing Orthopedic Lower Limb Surgery with Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Delirium is a critical postoperative complication in older patients. Based on the hypothesis that intraoperative dexmedetomidine sedation would lower postoperative delirium than propofol sedation would, the authors compared the incidence of postoperative delirium in older adults, using the mentioned sedatives.

Methods: This double-blinded, randomized controlled study included 748 patients, aged 65 yr or older, who were scheduled for elective lower extremity orthopedic surgery, between June 2017 and October 2021.

The proper timing of virtual reality experience for reducing preoperative anxiety of pediatric patients: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: The virtual reality (VR) experience of an operation room (OR) prior to anesthesia and surgery has been known to reduce the anxiety and distress of pediatric patients. However, the proper timing needed for this is unknown. This randomized clinical study aimed to evaluate the proper timing of a VR tour of an OR (a few days before vs.

Protein Hydrolysate from Prevents Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy via Akt/Foxo3 Signaling in C2C12 Myotubes.

Loss of muscle mass is the primary symptom of sarcopenia. Protein intake is recommended to prevent muscle mass loss, and , a microalga with high protein content, is a potential protein supplement. Here, we evaluated the differentiation ability of C2C12 cells and the inhibitory effect of hydrolysates (SPH) prepared by Collupulin on dexamethasone (DEX)-treated C2C12 cells.

Effects of Virtual Reality Education on Procedural Pain and Anxiety During Venipuncture in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Venipuncture is one of the most frequent and frightening medical procedures for children. This randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate whether pre-procedural immersive virtual reality (VR) education could decrease pain and anxiety during venipuncture procedure of children.

Methods: Sixty children scheduled for venipuncture at the phlebotomy unit were randomized into either the control or VR group.

Chromosomal abnormalities of 19,000 couples with recurrent spontaneous abortions: a multicenter study.

Objective: To investigate the demographic data and karyotypes of 19,000 couples who experienced recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA).

Design: A cross-sectional study of 19,000 couples.

Setting: Five hospitals.

Comparison of a New Video Intubation Stylet and McGrath® MAC Video Laryngoscope for Intubation in an Airway Manikin with Normal Airway and Cervical Spine Immobilization Scenarios by Novice Personnel: A Randomized Crossover Study.

The use of both a video laryngoscope and a video intubation stylet, compared with the use of a direct laryngoscope, is not only easier to learn but also associated with a higher success rate in performing endotracheal intubation for novice users. However, data comparing the two video devices used by novice personnel are rarely found in literature. Nondelayed intubation is an important condition to determine the prognosis in critically ill patients; hence, exploring intubation performance in various situations is of clinical significance.

Mutation spectrum and genotype-phenotype correlations in 157 Korean CADASIL patients: a multicenter study.

CADASIL is an inherited disease caused by mutations in the NOTCH3 gene. We aimed to investigate the mutation and clinical spectrum, and genotype-phenotype correlations of Korean CADASIL patients. Samples from 492 clinically suspicious patients were collected from four hospitals.

Antioxidant and Immunostimulatory Activities of a Submerged Culture of Using Spent Coffee.

Spent coffee grounds (SCG) are inexpensive materials that have been used as a source of antioxidants and polysaccharides with immunostimulatory activity. In this study, we performed a microbial fermentation of SCG using and investigated the radical scavenging and immunostimulatory activity of fermented SCG. SCG fermentation using was performed at 25 °C for 8 d.

Virtual Reality vs. Tablet Video as an Experiential Education Platform for Pediatric Patients Undergoing Chest Radiography: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Virtual reality (VR), which offers an immersive experience, has been implemented into the education of pediatric patients to reduce peri-procedural anxiety. This randomized clinical trial evaluated the effect of VR, compared with standard video, on reducing anxiety and distress in pediatric patients undergoing chest radiography. A total of 120 children aged 4 to 8 years with scheduled chest radiography appointments were randomized into either the tablet or the VR group.