Metabolic Phenotypes of Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Affect the Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects women with diverse pathological phenotypes, but little is known about the effects of this variation on perinatal outcomes. We explored the metabolic phenotypes of GDM and their impact on adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: Women diagnosed with gestational glucose intolerance or GDM were categorized into subgroups according to their prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and the median values of the gestational Matsuda and Stumvoll indices.

Piezo1 restrains proinflammatory response but is essential in T cell-mediated immunopathology.

Piezo1 is a mechanosensitive, nonselective Ca2+ channel which is broadly expressed in CD4+ T cells. Using lineage-specific Piezo1 knockout mice (Piezo1cKO), we show that loss of Piezo1 in CD4+ T cells significantly increased IFNγ and IL-17 production in vitro under TH1 and TH17 polarizing conditions, respectively. Despite their intrinsic proinflammatory phenotype, Piezo1cKO T cells are incapable of establishing disease in vivo in three separate adoptive transfer (AT) T cell-mediated inflammatory mouse models, including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and graft versus-host disease.

Improvement of heart rate variability after metabolic bariatric surgery in Korean subjects with obesity.

Introduction: Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a chronic complication of diabetes. As obesity is a major risk factor for CAN, we hypothesized that metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) could improve CAN indices in Korean patients with obesity.

Materials And Methods: Patients who underwent bariatric surgery between February 2020 and June 2022 were prospectively recruited.

Amelioration of Insulin Resistance after Delivery Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Postpartum Diabetes in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Backgruound: Identifying risk factors for postpartum type 2 diabetes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is crucial for effective interventions. We examined whether changes in insulin sensitivity after delivery affects the risk of type 2 diabetes in women with GDM.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included 347 women with GDM or gestational impaired glucose tolerance, who attended the follow-up visits at 2 months postpartum and annually thereafter.

Effect of air-frying on formation and correlations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, acrylamide, and heterocyclic aromatic amines in foods and risk assessment.

Unlabelled: The levels of acrylamide (AA), four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH4), and heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) in 184 air-fried agricultural, fishery, and animal products were measured using GC-MS and UPLC-MS/MS. Among the tested samples, sea algae exhibited the highest levels of PAH4 and eight specific HAAs (HAA8), while root and tuber crops had the greatest amount of AA. Agricultural and fisheries products had higher levels of all three contaminants, while livestock products had an inverse correlation between PAH4 and HAA8.

Long-term efficacy and safety of enavogliflozin in Korean people with type 2 diabetes: A 52-week extension of a Phase 3 randomized controlled trial.

Aims: To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of enavogliflozin monotherapy (0.3 mg/day) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials And Methods: Following a 24-week randomized, double-blind treatment period with enavogliflozin 0.

Dual add-on therapy of gemigliptin and dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone: The SOLUTION 2 study.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of gemigliptin and dapagliflozin dual add-on therapy (GEMI + DAPA) to metformin in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients who had inadequate glycaemic control on metformin alone, compared with a single add-on of either gemigliptin (GEMI) or dapagliflozin (DAPA) to metformin.

Materials And Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, active-controlled, parallel-group, phase 3 study, 469 T2D patients treated with a stable dose of metformin for 8 weeks or longer were randomized to receive GEMI + DAPA (n = 157) and either GEMI (n = 156) or DAPA (n = 156). The primary endpoint was change in HbA1c levels from baseline at week 24.

Effect of Pravastatin on Kidney Function in Patients with Dyslipidemia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study.

Introduction: Several studies have reported that pravastatin can mitigate the progression of kidney disease, but limited evidence exists regarding its effects on kidney function in Asian patients. This multicenter prospective observational study aimed to assess the effect of pravastatin on kidney function in Korean patients with dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in clinical practice.

Methods: This 48-week prospective multicenter study included 2604 of 2997 eligible patients with dyslipidemia and T2DM who had available estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) measurements.

Ketonuria as an Indicator of Improvement of Renal Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Receiving SGLT2 Inhibitor Treatment.

We investigated the potential association between ketonuria during treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and its renoprotective effect in patients with type 2 diabetes. We included 192 patients who had received SGLT2 inhibitors for more than 6 months. After propensity score matching, 52 patients each were allocated into groups with or without ketonuria, respectively.

Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation by Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 Inhibition Is Important in Prevention of Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Diabetic Mice.

Backgruound: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation are reported to have a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, a leading cause of acute kidney injury. The present study investigated the role of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) in ROS production and inflammation following IR injury.

Methods: We used a streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57BL6/J mouse model, which was subjected to IR by clamping both renal pedicles.

A Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label Study to Compare the Effects of Gemigliptin Add-on or Escalation of Metformin Dose on Glycemic Control and Safety in Patients with Inadequately Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated with Metformin and SGLT-2 Inhibitors (SO GOOD Study).

Background: We aimed to compare efficacy and safety between gemigliptin add-on and escalation of the metformin dose in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) despite treatment with metformin and SGLT2 inhibitors.

Methods: This study was a multicenter, randomized, open-label, active-controlled, parallel-group comparative study. Patients with T2DM uncontrolled on metformin and SGLT2 inhibitors were randomized to receive gemigliptin 50 mg as an add-on (GEM group, = 37) or escalation of the metformin dose (500 mg, MET group, = 38) for 24 weeks.

Unique adipose tissue invariant natural killer T cell subpopulations control adipocyte turnover in mice.

Adipose tissue invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a crucial cell type for adipose tissue homeostasis in obese animals. However, heterogeneity of adipose iNKT cells and their function in adipocyte turnover are not thoroughly understood. Here, we investigate transcriptional heterogeneity in adipose iNKT cells and their hierarchy using single-cell RNA sequencing in lean and obese mice.

Piezo1 facilitates optimal T cell activation during tumor challenge.

Functional effector T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are critical for successful anti-tumor responses. T cell anti-tumor function is dependent on their ability to differentiate from a naïve state, infiltrate into the tumor site, and exert cytotoxic functions. The factors dictating whether a particular T cell can successfully undergo these processes during tumor challenge are not yet completely understood.

Functional tumor cell-intrinsic STING, not host STING, drives local and systemic antitumor immunity and therapy efficacy following cryoablation.

Background: Despite its potential utility in delivering direct tumor killing and in situ whole-cell tumor vaccination, tumor cryoablation produces highly variable and unpredictable clinical response, limiting its clinical utility. The mechanism(s) driving cryoablation-induced local antitumor immunity and the associated abscopal effect is not well understood.

Methods: The aim of this study was to identify and explore a mechanism of action by which cryoablation enhances the therapeutic efficacy in metastatic tumor models.

Complementary effects of dapagliflozin and lobeglitazone on metabolism in a diet-induced obese mouse model.

Thiazolidinedione, an insulin sensitizer, has beneficial effects on glucose metabolism; however, there are concerns regarding weight gain and heart failure. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors can reduce body weight, increase diuresis, and play a protective role in heart failure. We examined the complementary effects of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, and lobeglitazone, a thiazolidinedione, in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice.

Triglyceride-Glucose Index Predicts Future Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases: A 16-Year Follow-up in a Prospective, Community-Dwelling Cohort Study.

Backgruound: While the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a measure of insulin resistance, its association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) has not been well elucidated. We evaluated the TyG index for prediction of CVDs in a prospective large communitybased cohort.

Methods: Individuals 40 to 70 years old were prospectively followed for a median 15.

Clonal hematopoiesis as a novel risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with hypercholesterolemia.

Introduction: Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. It has been suggested that CHIP may be related to diabetes, so we investigated the association between CHIP and new-onset type 2 diabetes.

Methods: This study included 4,047 subjects aged >=40 years without diabetes.

Effects of dapagliflozin compared with glimepiride on body composition in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin: The BEYOND study.

Aims: To evaluate the effect of dapagliflozin on body composition such as total body fat (BF) mass, abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) areas compared with glimepiride in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: This was a 52-week, multicentre, randomized, parallel-group, open-label, Phase IV (NCT02564926) study. Patients with inadequate glycaemic control (glycated haemoglobin ≥7.

Efficacy and safety of monotherapy with enavogliflozin in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Results of a 12-week, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial.

Aims: The study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of enavogliflozin, a newly developed sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, with placebo in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Materials And Methods: Patients with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) of 7.0-10.

Efficacy and safety of enavogliflozin, a novel SGLT2 inhibitor, in Korean people with type 2 diabetes: A 24-week, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial.

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, enavogliflozin 0.3 mg monotherapy, in Korean people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled with diet and exercise.

Materials And Methods: This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in 23 hospitals.

Effect of atorvastatin on lipoxygenase pathway-related gene expression in an in vitro model of lipid accumulation in hepatocytes.

Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes can result from an imbalance between lipid acquisition and lipid catabolism. In recent years, it has been discovered that eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid (AA) have the potential to create specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators to actively resolve inflammation, but it is not clear whether AA and lipoxygenases exert effects on hepatic inflammation. Here, the effects of atorvastatin on the expression of cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and lipoxygenase pathway genes (ALOX5, ALOX12, ALOX15, and ALOX15B) were evaluated in an in vitro model of palmitic acid (PA)-induced hepatocyte lipid accumulation in McA-RH7777 (McA) cells.

Ectopic Tumor VCAM-1 Expression in Cancer Metastasis and Therapy Resistance.

Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1; CD106) is a membrane protein that contributes critical physiologic functional roles in cellular immune response, including leukocyte extravasation in inflamed and infected tissues. Expressed as a cell membrane protein, VCAM-1 can also be cleaved from the cell surface into a soluble form (sVCAM-1). The integrin α4β1 (VLA-4) was identified as the first major ligand for VCAM-1.

A New Modality in Dyslipidemia Treatment: Antisense Oligonucleotide Therapy.

There are unmet needs for pharmacologic agents beyond current medications, such as statins, to effectively lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels to target goals, especially in patients with very high or extremely high risk. Pharmacological targeting of mRNA represents an emerging, innovative approach with the potential to expand upon current therapies. In RNA-targeted therapeutics, a novel approach is the use of chemically modified oligonucleotides to inhibit the production of target proteins at their sites of gene coding.