Road criticality assessment to improve commutes during floods.

Flooding undermines the functionality of road links, leading to commute disruption, such as increased commuting time and immobility. Therefore, identifying the critical roads under different flood scenarios is of great significance for transportation planning to minimize flood risk. Previous studies on the road criticality under pluvial floods have focused on mostly structural characteristics of the roads, lacking the quantification of the flood impact on traffic.

Dredging Intensity: A Spatio-Temporal Indicator for Managing Marine Resources.

The sustainability of offshore sand reserves and the impact of their exploitation for coastal resilience can be assessed by resource managers via GIS. The GIS model to do this requires monitoring of the dredger location (including speed and displacement, if available). The designated borrow area is divided into grid cells, in this example, 100 × 100 m.