Metabolite Profiling to Evaluate Metabolic Changes in Genetically Modified Protopanaxadiol-Enriched Rice.

Event DS rice producing protopanaxadiol (PPD) has been previously developed by inserting dammarenediol-II synthase gene () and PPD synthase gene (). We performed a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics of the DS rice to identify metabolic alterations as the effects of genetic engineering by measuring the contents of 65 metabolites in seeds and 63 metabolites in leaves. Multivariate analysis and one-way analysis of variance between DS and non-genetically modified (GM) rice showed that DS rice accumulated fewer tocotrienols, tocopherols, and phytosterols than non-GM rice.

Influence of Genetically Modified Soybean Expressing Epidermal Growth Factor on Arthropod Biodiversity.

The field study was undertaken to examine the potential for adverse effects of transgenic soybean expressing bioactive human epidermal growth factor (with tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate, PPT) on the abundance and diversity of plant-dwelling arthropods by comparing with those of a non-GM parental cultivar, Gwangan soybean. Field surveys of soybean fields were carried out over two consecutive years, 2016 and 2017 at Ochang and Jeonju, Korea. The number of captured individuals associated with either of EGF and Gwangan soybean plants increased in 2017 compared with 2016 in both Ochang and Jeonju.

Metabolomic Variability of Different Soybean Genotypes: β-Carotene-Enhanced (), Wild (), and Hybrid ( × ) Soybeans.

We obtained a new hybrid soybean (Hybrid) by hybridizing β-carotene-enhanced soybean (BCE; L.) containing the gene and wild-type soybean (Wild; ). To investigate metabolic changes between variants, we performed metabolic profiling of leaves (three growth stages) and seeds.

Dynamics of Short-Term Metabolic Profiling in Radish Sprouts ( L.) in Response to Nitrogen Deficiency.

Nitrogen (N) is a macronutrient important for the survival of plants. To investigate the effects of N deficiency, a time-course metabolic profiling of radish sprouts was performed. A total of 81 metabolites-including organic acids, inorganic acid, amino acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, amines, amide, sugar phosphates, policosanols, tocopherols, phytosterols, carotenoids, chlorophylls, and glucosinolates-were characterized.

Comparative analysis of phytochemicals and polar metabolites from colored sweet potato ( L.) tubers.

We determined the phytochemical diversity, including carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and phenolic acids, in sweet potatoes ( L.) with distinctive flesh colors (white, orange, and purple) and identified hydrophilic primary metabolites. Carotenoid content was considerably higher in orange-fleshed sweet potatoes, wherein β-carotene was the most plentiful, and anthocyanins were detected only in purple-fleshed sweet potatoes.

Comparative evaluation of nutritional compositions between transgenic rice harboring the gene and the conventional counterpart.

As a part of a safety assessment of new transgenic crops, compositional equivalence studies between transgenic crops with non-transgenic comparators are almost universally required. This study was conducted to compare nutritional profiles of proximate composition, and fatty acid, amino acid, mineral, and vitamin contents, and anti-nutrients, between transgenic drought-tolerant Agb0103 rice harboring the pepper methionine sulfoxide reductase B2 gene and the parental rice cultivar, 'Ilmi' as a non-transgenic control. Both transgenic and non-transgenic rice were grown and harvested in 2 different locations.

A pepper MSRB2 gene confers drought tolerance in rice through the protection of chloroplast-targeted genes.

Background: The perturbation of the steady state of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to biotic and abiotic stresses in a plant could lead to protein denaturation through the modification of amino acid residues, including the oxidation of methionine residues. Methionine sulfoxide reductases (MSRs) catalyze the reduction of methionine sulfoxide back to the methionine residue. To assess the role of this enzyme, we generated transgenic rice using a pepper CaMSRB2 gene under the control of the rice Rab21 (responsive to ABA protein 21) promoter with/without a selection marker, the bar gene.

The novel, actin-like protein Tact3 is expressed in rodent testicular haploid germ cells.

Mouse testis actin-like proteins 1 and 2 (mTact1 and mTact2), which are expressed in murine haploid germ cells, have been described previously. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of a third actin-like protein from rat, rat testis actin-like protein 3 (rTact3). The complete cDNA of the rTact3 gene was approximately 3.

Proteomic identification of a novel toxin protein (Txp40) from Xenorhabdus nematophila and its insecticidal activity against larvae of Plutella xylostella.

For the identification of a novel insecticidal protein, a two-dimensional liquid chromatography (PF-2D) system was used in a quantitative proteomic analysis of Xenorhabdus nematophila CBNU strain isolated from entomophagous nematode Steinernema carpocapsae . Protein patterns obtained from minimum and maximum insecticidal activities during cultivation were contrasted, and a novel toxin protein (Txp40) was identified by MALDI-TOF/MS. The DNA sequence of the cloned toxin gene (1089 bp) has an open reading frame encoding 363 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 41162 Da.

Molecular cloning and expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein from bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana).

Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) transfers cholesterol from the outer mitochondrial membrane to the inner membrane where the cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) resides. This process is the rate-limiting step in steroidogenesis. StAR cDNAs have been cloned and characterized from a range of different species.

Expression of the putative sterol binding protein Stard6 gene is male germ cell specific.

Mammalian spermatogenesis is orchestrated by many specific molecular and cellular events. To understand the detailed mechanism by which spermatogenesis is controlled, the specific genes involved in this process must be identified and studied. From the subtracted cDNA library of rat testis prepared using the representational difference analysis (RDA) method, we isolated the cDNA clone of steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein-related lipid transfer (START) protein 6 (Stard6).