Conjunctival myxoma: A case report and review of a rare tumor.

Rationale: Conjunctival myxoma is a rare benign tumor, which can mimic more common conjunctival lesions such as a cyst, lymphangioma, amelanotic nevus, neurofibroma, amelanotic melanoma, or lipoma. We describe a patient with the conjunctival myxoma, who was initially misdiagnosed as a conjunctival cyst. This case report includes intraoperative photographs and various immunohistochemical staining images.

Effects of Topical Anti-Glaucoma Medications on Outcomes of Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy: Comparison with Age- and Sex-Matched Controls.

Background: This study analyzed the effects of topical anti-glaucoma medications on the surgical outcomes of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EDCR) in nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO).

Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent EDCR for NLDO between September 2012 and April 2021. Thirty patients with topical anti-glaucoma medications and 90 age- and sex-matched controls were included.

A Novel Technique for Measuring Ocular Duction Ranges.

Purpose: To report a novel technique for measuring ocular ductions and evaluate its performance in normal participants.

Methods: We developed a laser pointer technique (LPT), a novel technique for quantitative measurement of ocular ductions. The device consists of a screen and headset with a laser pointer.

Risk Factors for Orbital Implant Extrusion after Evisceration.

Unlabelled: This study analyzed risk factors for extrusion of orbital implants after evisceration by comparing patients with and without implant extrusion.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent evisceration with primary implant placement by a single surgeon from January 2005 to December 2019 at the Chungnam National University Hospital. Age, sex, underlying systemic diseases, axial length of the fellow eye, the cause of evisceration, endophthalmitis type, implant type and size, and preoperative computed tomography findings were evaluated.

Progression of optic atrophy in traumatic optic neuropathy: retrograde neuronal degeneration in humans.

Objective: We used optical coherence tomography (OCT) to document the time course of retrograde neuronal degeneration following indirect optic nerve injury.

Methods: We retrospectively studied patients diagnosed with unilateral indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). Patients with total or near-total optic atrophy were included.

Multiple facial candidal abscesses after self-administered acupuncture in a patient with undiagnosed diabetes mellitus: a case report.

Background: Facial abscess caused by Candida albicans infection is a rare condition even in immunocompromised patients, and only a few cases have been reported. To our knowledge, this is the first case of multiple facial candidal abscesses caused by self-administered acupuncture in an undiagnosed diabetes mellitus patient.

Case Presentation: A 57-year-old woman who had self-acupuncture treatment 2 weeks previously, presented with a 1-week history of progressive left eyelid swelling, erythema, and pain.

Optimal Timing for Primary Early Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy in Acute Dacryocystitis.

Purpose: To evaluate the surgical outcomes of primary early endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EnDCR) in acute dacryocystitis (AD) and to determine the optimal timing for surgery.

Methods: A retrospective review of medical records was performed on consecutive patients who underwent primary early EnDCR (within 1 week) for AD between May 2010 and June 2020 (AD group) and an age- and gender-matched control group of NLDO patients who underwent EnDCR (non-AD group). The primary outcome measures were the surgical outcomes at the final follow-up examination.

Effects of Miosis on Anterior Chamber Structure in Glaucoma Implant Surgery.

We investigated changes in anterior chamber (AC) structure after miosis in phakic eyes and pseudophakic eyes with glaucoma. In this prospective study, patients scheduled for glaucoma implant surgery were examined using anterior segment optical coherence tomography before and after miosis. Four AC parameters (AC angle, peripheral anterior chamber (PAC) depth, central anterior chamber (CAC) depth, and AC area) were analyzed before and after miosis, and then compared between phakic and pseudophakic eyes.

Urban Particulate Matters May Affect Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Tight Junction Disruption in Nasal Epithelial Cells.

Background: Exposure to airborne urban particulate matter (UPM) has been closely related to the development and aggravation of respiratory disease, including sinonasal disorders.

Objective: The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of UPM on nasal epithelial tight junctions (TJs) and mucosal barrier function and delineate the underlying mechanism by using both in vitro and in vivo models.

Methods: In this study, human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) and BALB/c mice were exposed to UPMs.

Modified ocular surface disease index as a screening criteria for dry eye syndrome presenting after successful dacryocystorhinostomy.

Objective: To find preoperative screening criteria for dry eye syndrome (DES) that present after successful endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EDCR).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed medical records of 110 patients who underwent EDCR for nasolacrimal duct obstruction. DES diagnostic criteria were defined as tear break-up time (TBUT) less than 10 seconds, and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score greater than 13 points.

Effects of Topical Prostaglandin Analog on Macular Thickness Following Cataract Surgery with Postoperative Topical Bromfenac Treatment.

Purpose: To evaluate changes in macular thickness in patients continuing prostaglandin analog (PGA) treatment during the perioperative period involving bromfenac treatment.

Methods: Patients with glaucoma who were using a topical PGA were randomly assigned to two groups in this randomized controlled trial: PGA continuing study group and PGA discontinued glaucoma control group. Patients without ocular diseases other than cataract were enrolled into the non-glaucomatous group.

Relationship between Tube Parameters and Corneal Endothelial Cell Damage after Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation: A Comparative Study.

Purpose: We compared the clinical factors, including anterior chamber tube parameters, in patients with and without corneal endothelial cell damage after Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation.

Methods: In this retrospective and comparative case series, patients who underwent AGV implantation were enrolled consecutively. Serial specular microscopy was performed before and after AGV implantation.

Efficacy of Triamcinolone-Soaked Nasal Packing on Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of triamcinolone-soaked nasal packing in endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EDCR).

Methods: Patients who underwent EDCR between September 2012 and August 2017 were included. They were assigned to triamcinolone (201 eyes) or control (206 eyes) group based on the order of surgery.

Surgical outcomes of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy: analysis of age effect.

There is limited evidence in literature determining age effect on outcomes of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EDCR) in adult patients with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO). We aimed to analyze the outcomes of EDCR according to age in primary acquired NLDO. A retrospective study was performed on consecutive adult patients and patients were divided into two age groups; group 1 (aged to 61 years) and group 2 (aged 62 to 89 years) based on the average value.

Encapsulated Bleb Excision with Collagen Matrix Implantation Following Failed Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical features and surgical outcomes of encapsulated bleb excision with collagen matrix implantation performed in patients with failed Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation.

Methods: Eighteen eyes of 18 patients underwent encapsulated bleb excision and collagen matrix implantation. Patients were divided into two groups by reference to intraocular pressure (IOP) after preoperative ocular massage: group 1, patients who exhibited substantial IOP reductions; and group 2, patients who did not show substantial changes in IOP.

Toll-like receptor 9 ligands increase type I interferon induced B-cell activating factor expression in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis.

B-cell activating factor (BAFF) has been proposed to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of toll-like receptor (TLR) 9-mediated BAFF activation on the pathogenesis of CRSwNP. NP and uncinate tissue (UT) were obtained from patients with CRSwNP or CRS without NP, and control subjects.

Role of Toll-like receptor 9 signaling on activation of nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts and its association with nasal polypogenesis.

Background: Nasal polyposis is characterized by persistent inflammation and remodeling in sinonasal mucosa. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is a DNA receptor of the innate immune system that plays a pivotal role in fibrosis and inflammatory responses. The aim of this study is to explore the expression, activity, and potential pathogenic role of TLR9 signaling in tissue remodeling in nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts (NPDFs).

Difference in patterns of retinal ganglion cell damage between primary open-angle glaucoma and non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy.

Purpose: To compare the patterns of retinal ganglion cell damage between primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION).

Methods: In total, 35 eyes with unilateral NAION, and 70 age- and average peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness-matched eyes with POAG, were enrolled as disease groups; 35 unaffected fellow eyes of the NAION, and 70 age- and refractive error-matched normal subjects for the POAG, were enrolled as their control groups, respectively. The peripapillary RNFL thickness and macular ganglion cell plus inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness were compared between the disease groups and their controls, and between the two disease groups.

Learning Curve for Endoscopic Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy.

Purpose: To elucidate the learning curve for endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (EE-DCR) based on the results of EE-DCR performed by three surgeons at three different tertiary hospitals.

Methods: A retrospective review of the medical records of 386 eyes of 337 patients who had undergone EE-DCR by three surgeons at three tertiary hospitals and who were available for a >6-month postoperative observation period was conducted. The success of a given surgery was determined based on the results of a test performed during the patient's last outpatient visit to the hospital.

Fibromyxoma of the Tarsus: A Case Report.

A 61-year-old woman presented with a slow-growing mass on the right upper eyelid. The hard, fixed, and nontender mass was apparent on the right upper eyelid. It was immobile, and it seemed to be adhered to the tarsus.

Properties of pattern standard deviation in open-angle glaucoma patients with hemi-optic neuropathy and bi-optic neuropathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the properties of pattern standard deviation (PSD) according to localization of the glaucomatous optic neuropathy.

Methods: We enrolled 242 eyes of 242 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, with a best-corrected visual acuity ≥ 20/25, and no media opacity. Patients were examined via dilated fundus photography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and Humphrey visual field examination, and divided into those with hemi-optic neuropathy (superior or inferior) and bi-optic neuropathy (both superior and inferior).

Bilateral absence of the inferior rectus muscle presenting with pseudoptosis: treatment of a novel presentation.

Isolated bilateral absence of the inferior rectus muscle is a rare congenital anomaly. The usual presentation of this disorder involves apparent ocular deviations and abnormal head posture from an early age. A 45-year-old woman presented with a bilateral ptosis and lower scleral show.

Early Differential Diagnosis of Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis and Bacterial Orbital Cellulitis: Based on Computed Tomography Findings.

Purpose: To identify significant clinical and radiological findings that distinguish rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) from bacterial orbital cellulitis (BOC).

Methods: This study was retrospective, multicenter, case-control study that enrolled 34 cases; 14 cases were diagnosed with ROCM and 20 cases were diagnosed with BOC at three different tertiary hospitals between 2005 and 2013. The medical records of all 34 cases were reviewed.

Changes in corneal endothelial cell density and the cumulative risk of corneal decompensation after Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation.

Aims: To evaluate changes in the corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) and corneal decompensation following Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation.

Methods: This study was retrospective and observational case series. Patients with refractory glaucoma who underwent AGV implantation and were followed >5 years were consecutively enrolled.