Ethanolic Extract from (L.) Moench Inhibits Influenza A/B and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection : Preventive Agent for Viral Respiratory Infections.

Among the most frequent causes of respiratory infections in humans are influenza A virus H1N1 (H1N1), influenza B virus (IVB), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Echinacea is a perennial wildflower belonging to the family. (L.

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on immune improvement effects of ethanolic extract of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench in Korean adults.

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EP), a medicinal plant native to North America, is now cultivated in various regions including Europe. With increasing popularity of Echinacea in Korea recently, a human clinical trial was conducted to evaluate immune-enhancing efficacy and safety of EP 60% ethanolic extract (EPE) in Koreans.

Rapid Impregnating Resins for Fiber-Reinforced Composites Used in the Automobile Industry.

As environmental regulations become stricter, weight- and cost-effective fiber-reinforced polymer composites are being considered as alternative materials in the automobile industry. Rapidly impregnating resin into the reinforcing fibers is critical during liquid composite molding, and the optimization of resin impregnation is related to the cycle time and quality of the products. In this review, various resins capable of rapid impregnation, including thermoset and thermoplastic resins, are discussed for manufacturing fiber-reinforced composites used in the automobile industry, along with their advantages and disadvantages.

Extract Suppresses LPS-Induced Proinflammatory Cytokine and MMP Expression in HGF-1 Cells and Regulates Osteoclastogenesis in RANKL-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells.

Clinical prevention is of utmost importance for the management of periodontal diseases. Periodontal disease starts with an inflammatory response in the gingival tissue, and results in alveolar bone destruction and subsequent tooth loss. This study aimed to confirm the anti-periodontitis effects of MKE.

Extract (Brainon) Attenuates Neuroinflammation in BV-2 Microglia Cells and Promotes Neuroprotection in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells.

Microglia-induced neuroinflammation is one of the causative factors in cognitive dysfunction and neurodegenerative disorders. Our previous studies have revealed several benefits of extract (Brainon) in the central nervous system, but the underlying mechanism of action has not been elucidated. This study is purposed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective mechanisms of Brainon in the BV-2 condition SH-SY5Y model.

Effects of Extract (Brainon) on Aging-Induced Memory Impairment in SAMP8 Mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a worldwide problem. Currently, there are no effective drugs for AD treatment. Miquel (SB) is a traditional herbal medicine used in Korea to treat various diseases.

Extract Inhibits Periodontitis-Inducing Mediators in Lipopolysaccharide-Activated RAW 264.7 Cells.

Periodontitis, a disease caused by inflammation of oral bacteria, contributes to the loss of alveolar bone and destruction of connective tissues. , a Gram-negative bacterium, is known to possess important pathogenic factors for periodontal disease. In this study, we investigated the anti-periodontitis effects of extract (MKE) and magnolin as a component of (MK) in murine macrophage RAW 264.

Anti-Obesity Effect of Dyglomera Is Associated with Activation of the AMPK Signaling Pathway in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Mice with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity.

Dyglomera is an aqueous ethanol extract of the fruit pods of , a Cameroonian spice. Several studies have shown its anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects. However, the underlying mechanisms for such effects remain unclear.

Anti-Obesity Effects of a Mixture of and Extracts on 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice.

Since the potential of (3:1) mixtures of and extracts has been proposed in the management of obesity, the purpose of present study was to investigate the effects of AME:AVE (3:1) mixture on weight loss, obesity-related biochemical parameters, adipogenesis and lipogenesis related proteins in 3T3-L1 cells and HFD-induced obesity in a mouse model. Treatment with AME:AVE (3:1) mixture inhibited lipid accumulation. Furthermore, the treatment with 75 and 150 mg/kg of AME:AVE (3:1) significantly decreased the body weight gain, white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, and plasma glucose level in HFD-induced obese mice.

Quality assurance for nanomaterial inhalation toxicity testing.

The recent revision of OECD inhalation toxicology test guidelines 412 and 413 presents new challenges for both the study director (SD) and quality assurance (QA) personnel when conducting GLP (good laboratory practice) studies. In the case of nanomaterial inhalation exposure studies, GLP has rarely been applied, yet the new revisions are applicable to soluble and insoluble nanomaterials, as well as conventional chemicals. For example, the new guidelines require an additional bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid assay and lung burden measurement during the post-exposure observation (PEO) period, plus nanomaterial physicochemical characterization before and after nano-aerosol generation when exposing experimental animals.

Ameliorating effect of Citrus aurantium extracts and nobiletin on β‑amyloid (1‑42)‑induced memory impairment in mice.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of Citrus aurantium extract (CAE) and nobiletin against amyloid β 1‑42 (Aβ 1‑42)‑induced spatial learning and memory impairment in mice. After injecting Aβ 1‑42 (5 µl/2.5 min, intracerebroventricular injection), amnesic mice were orally administered CAE and nobiletin for 28 days.

Preventive Effect of Citrus aurantium Peel Extract on High-Fat Diet-Induced Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver in Mice.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by hepatic lipid accumulation, which is the most common form of chronic liver disease. Multiple clinical studies using natural compounds such as flavonoids have been conducted to treat NAFLD. In the present study, the pharmacological effect of Citrus aurantium L.

Reduction of Feedback Inhibition in Homoserine Kinase (ThrB) of Enhances l-Threonine Biosynthesis.

l-Threonine is an important supplement in the food industry. It is currently produced through fermentation of but requires additional purification steps to remove endotoxin. To avoid these steps, it is desirable to use , a microorganism generally regarded as safe.

Improvement of daptomycin production via increased resistance to decanoic acid in Streptomyces roseosporus.

Daptomycin, a cyclic anionic lipopeptide compound produced by Streptomyces roseosporus, is used to treat skin infections caused by multi-drug resistant gram-positive pathogens. The biosynthesis of daptomycin is initiated by the condensation of decanoic acid (DA, a 10-carbon unit fatty acid) and the N-terminal l-tryptophan. So, the addition of DA to the fermentation medium is essential for increasing daptomycin production.

Glutathione S-transferase pi (GST-pi) inhibition and anti-inflammation activity of the ethyl acetate extract of Streptomyces sp. strain MJM 8637.

To investigate the anti-cancer properties of soil-borne actinobacteria, MJM 8637, the glutathione S-transferase pi (GST-pi) assay, anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α assay, the level of antioxidant potential by DPPH radical scavenging activity, NO scavenging activity, and ABTS radical scavenging activity in ethyl acetate extract were determined. The 16S rDNA sequencing analysis revealed that Streptomyces sp. strain MJM 8637, which was isolated from Hambak Mountain, Korea, has 99.

Improvement in Oil Production by Increasing Malonyl-CoA and Glycerol-3-Phosphate Pools in Scenedesmus quadricauda.

In recent years, microalgae have attracted considerable interest as a biofuel resource owing to their rapid growth, tolerance to harsh conditions, and ability to accumulate a large amount of triacylglycerols (TAGs). However, the economic effectiveness of algal biofuel is still low. In this study, we attempted to increase oil production of the microalga Scenedesmus quadricauda by elevating intracellular malonyl-CoA and glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) pools.

Improvement of FK506 Production in the High-Yielding Strain Streptomyces sp. RM7011 by Engineering the Supply of Allylmalonyl-CoA Through a Combination of Genetic and Chemical Approach.

FK506, a widely used immunosuppressant, is a 23-membered polyketide macrolide that is produced by several Streptomyces species. FK506 high-yielding strain Streptomyces sp. RM7011 was developed from the discovered Streptomyces sp.

Antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging activities of Streptomyces sp. strain MJM 10778.

Objective: To investigate the antioxidant activity of soil-borne actinobacteria.

Methods: The total phenolic contents, the level of antioxidant potential by DPPH radical scavenging activity, NO scavenging activity, and ABTS radical scavenging activity in ethyl acetate extract were determined.

Results: The 16S rDNA sequencing analysis revealed that Streptomyces sp.

Overexpression of the putative extracytoplasmic function sigma (σ) factor FujE enhances FK506 production in Streptomyces sp. strain KCCM 11116P.

The role of the putative extracytoplasmic function sigma (σ) factor FujE, which has not been characterized as a member of the FK506 biosynthetic gene cluster, on FK506 production was identified by gene deletion, overexpression, and transcription analysis experiments in Streptomyces sp. strain KCCM 11116P. Inactivation of fujE had no effect on FK506 production, growth, or morphological differentiation.

Application of a combined approach involving classical random mutagenesis and metabolic engineering to enhance FK506 production in Streptomyces sp. RM7011.

FK506 production by a mutant strain (Streptomyces sp. RM7011) induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and ultraviolet mutagenesis was improved by 11.63-fold (94.

An ABC transporter complex containing S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-induced ATP-binding protein is involved in antibiotics production and SAM signaling in Streptomyces coelicolor M145.

A sco3956-deletion mutant (ΔSCO3956) of Streptomyces coelicolor was generated to characterize the S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-induced, ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC transporter) ATP-binding protein, SCO3956. It produced actinorhodin (ACT) and undecylprodigiosin (RED) decreased by approx. 82 and 64 %, respectively.

Roles of fkbN in positive regulation and tcs7 in negative regulation of FK506 biosynthesis in Streptomyces sp. strain KCTC 11604BP.

FK506 is an important 23-member polyketide macrolide with immunosuppressant activity. Its entire biosynthetic gene cluster was previously cloned from Streptomyces sp. strain KCTC 11604BP, and sequence analysis identified three putative regulatory genes, tcs2, tcs7, and fkbN, which encode proteins with high similarity to the AsnC family transcriptional regulators, LysR-type transcriptional regulators, and LAL family transcriptional regulators, respectively.

Biosynthesis of the allylmalonyl-CoA extender unit for the FK506 polyketide synthase proceeds through a dedicated polyketide synthase and facilitates the mutasynthesis of analogues.

The allyl moiety of the immunosuppressive agent FK506 is structurally unique among polyketides and critical for its potent biological activity. Here, we detail the biosynthetic pathway to allylmalonyl-coenzyme A (CoA), from which the FK506 allyl group is derived, based on a comprehensive chemical, biochemical, and genetic interrogation of three FK506 gene clusters. A discrete polyketide synthase (PKS) with noncanonical domain architecture presumably in coordination with the fatty acid synthase pathway of the host catalyzes a multistep enzymatic reaction to allylmalonyl-CoA via trans-2-pentenyl-acyl carrier protein.

Phosphoprotein affinity purification identifies proteins involved in S-adenosyl-L-methionine-induced enhancement of antibiotic production in Streptomyces coelicolor.

Streptomycetes are the major natural source of clinical antibiotics. The enhanced secondary metabolite production of many streptomycetes by S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) in previous studies suggested the existence of a common SAM regulatory effect. We screened nine proteins using the phosphoprotein purification column from Streptomyces coelicolor.

ATP modulates the growth of specific microbial strains.

The regulatory function of extracellular ATP (exATP) in bacteria is unknown, but recent studies have demonstrated exATP induced enhanced secondary metabolite production and morphological differentiation in Streptomyces coelicolor. The growth of Streptomyces coelicolor, however, was unaffected by exATP, although changes in growth are common phenotypes. To identify bacteria whose growth is altered by exATP, we measured exATP-induced population changes in fast-growing microbes and actinomycetes in compost.