[Postoperative Imaging Findings of Colorectal Surgery: A Pictorial Essay].

Postoperative colorectal imaging studies play an important role in the detection of surgical complications and disease recurrence. In this pictorial essay, we briefly describe methods of surgery, imaging findings of their early and late complications, and postsurgical recurrence of cancer and inflammatory bowel disease.

Machine learning-based response assessment in patients with rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: radiomics analysis for assessing tumor regression grade using T2-weighted magnetic resonance images.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess tumor regression grade (TRG) in patients with rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) through a machine learning-based radiomics analysis using baseline T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images.

Materials And Methods: In total, 148 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer(T2-4 or N+) who underwent MR imaging at baseline and after chemoradiotherapy between January 2010 and May 2021 were included. A region of interest for each tumor mass was drawn by a radiologist on oblique axial T2-weighted images, and main features were selected using principal component analysis after dimension reduction among 116 radiomics and three clinical features.

Colon cancer: the 2023 Korean clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis and treatment.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in Korea and the third leading cause of death from cancer. Treatment outcomes for colon cancer are steadily improving due to national health screening programs with advances in diagnostic methods, surgical techniques, and therapeutic agents..

Interpretation of Complete Tumor Response on MRI Following Chemoradiotherapy of Rectal Cancer: Inter-Reader Agreement and Associated Factors in Multi-Center Clinical Practice.

Objective: To measure inter-reader agreement and identify associated factors in interpreting complete response (CR) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for rectal cancer.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study involved 10 readers from seven hospitals with experience of 80-10210 cases, and 149 patients who underwent surgery after CRT for rectal cancer. Using MRI-based tumor regression grading (mrTRG) and methods employed in daily practice, the readers independently assessed mrTRG, CR on T2-weighted images (T2WI) denoted as mrCR, and CR on all images including diffusion-weighted images (DWI) denoted as mrCR.

Typical MR features and interpretation of perianal fistulas in patients with Crohn's disease.

Perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease (CD) are a poor prognostic phenotype requiring a combination of medical and surgical management. Perianal fistulas in CD are characterized by more complex and multi-branched fistulas, association with skin tags, and frequent presence of proctitis. A comprehensive approach with clinical examination, endoscopic and MR assessment is required, and in particular, MR interpretation provides detailed information on the type of fistula with its internal component and activity, secondary tracts and extension, internal, external openings, associated abscess, and presence of proctitis.

Assessing Active Bowel Inflammation in Crohn's Disease Using Intestinal Ultrasound: Correlation With Fecal Calprotectin.

Aim: To analyze the correlation between intestinal ultrasound (IUS) and serum and fecal biomarkers, and the characteristics of small bowel disease, for the assessment of active bowel inflammation.

Methods: Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) who underwent an initial IUS examination between July 2018 and November 2022 at our institution were included retrospectively. We divided small and large bowels into seven segments, and recorded the presence of active inflammation according to following criteria: bowel wall thickness ≥ mm with ≥1 of feature of active disease on IUS.

Ultrasonography of intrascrotal torsed appendages: size and interval between symptom onset and the ultrasonographic examination according to echogenicity.

Purpose: This study investigated the size of torsed appendages and the interval between symptom onset and the ultrasonographic examination according to the echogenicity of the torsed appendages.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 54 cases in 46 patients with torsion of the testicular appendages between December 2008 and July 2021. Eight patients received follow-up ultrasonography 7-48 days after initial ultrasonography.

Ultrasonography of the distal common bile duct: An easy-to-perform technique for better visualization.

Background And Study Aims: No standard ultrasonography (US) method exists for visualizing the distal common bile duct (CBD). The supine HD view is usually adopted for CBD evaluation, but duodenal or colonic gas shadowing can affect this view.

Patients And Methods: We developed and evaluated an easy-to-perform technique, the supine distal CBD view, applying the US protocol for the distal CBD evaluation.

Long-term Disease Course of Crohn's Disease: Changes in Disease Location, Phenotype, Activities, and Predictive Factors.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic destructive inflammatory bowel disease that affects young people and is associated with significant morbidity. The clinical spectrum and disease course of CD are heterogeneous and often difficult to predict based on the initial presentation. In this article, changes in the disease location, behavior, clinical course during long-term follow-up, and predictive factors are reviewed.

Recurrence of Subepithelial Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Following Transurethral Resection: A Case Report.

Transurethral resection (TUR) is the gold standard treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancers. Recurrence occurs in approximately half of the patients with bladder cancer after initial TUR. Most recurrent bladder cancers present as polypoid masses with intraluminal growth originating from the mucosa.

Urinary microRNA-1913 to microRNA-3659 expression ratio as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer.

Purpose: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs and are involved in the development, proliferation, and pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa). Urinary miRNAs are promising non-invasive biomarkers for PCa diagnosis because of their stability in urine. Here, we evaluated the diagnostic value of urinary miR-1913 to miR-3659 ratio in PCa patients and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) controls.

Histogram of kidney stones on non-contrast computed tomography to predict successful stone dusting during retrograde intrarenal surgery.

Purpose: To predict successful dusting of kidney stones during retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) using stone density parameters and histograms measured with non-contrast computed tomography imaging.

Methods: Medical records of 49 patients who underwent retrograde intrarenal surgery between January 2018 and January 2019 at Kyung Hee University Hospital were reviewed, and the data of 55 stones were evaluated. Patient age, sex, mean stone density, the highest and lowest measured Hounsfield unit (HU), standard deviation and range of the measured HUs, volume of the most measured HU, and success of dusting were evaluated.

A Case of Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis with Nephropleural Fistula Formation: Role of MRI in Diagnosis and Treatment.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare type of chronic bacterial nephritis, which rarely involves the invasion of adjacent organs or the formation of fistulas due to tissue-destructive granulomatous reactions. Although the invasions of various adjacent organs have been reported in several cases of XGP, MRI data on their features are limited. MRI has a better soft-tissue resolution than CT.

Small testes: clinical characteristics and ultrasonographic findings.

The purpose of this pictorial essay is to describe the ultrasonographic and clinical findings of patients with small testes due to a wide range of causes. We retrospectively reviewed the ultrasonographic and clinical findings of various causes of small testes. We present various causes of small testes on ultrasonography including Klinefelter syndrome, testicular torsion, mumps orchitis, inguinal hernia, cryptorchidism, varicocele, and trauma.

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for Focal Hepatic Lesions: When to Use and How to Differentiate Lesions?

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound can be used effectively to evaluate focal hepatic lesions and offers unique advantages over computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Serial vascular filling patterns of focal hepatic lesions during arterial, portal, and late phases can provide unique information on lesion characterization and differentiation. Sensitive depiction of arterial hypervascularity and analysis of washout pattern are clues for differentiation of several indeterminate hepatic nodules on conventional ultrasound and computed tomography/magnetic resonance.

MRI Assessment of Complete Response to Preoperative Chemoradiation Therapy for Rectal Cancer: 2020 Guide for Practice from the Korean Society of Abdominal Radiology.

Objective: To provide an evidence-based guide for the MRI interpretation of complete tumor response after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT) for rectal cancer using visual assessment on T2-weighted imaging (T2) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).

Materials And Methods: PubMed MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched on November 28, 2019 to identify articles on the following issues: 1) sensitivity and specificity of T2 or DWI for diagnosing pathologic complete response (pCR) and the criteria for MRI diagnosis; 2) MRI alone vs. MRI combined with other test(s) in sensitivity and specificity for pCR; and 3) tests to select patients for the watch-and-wait management.

Mechanism of metastasis to the spermatic cord and testis from advanced gastric cancer: a case report.

Background: The spermatic cord and testis are very rare sites for metastasis from gastric cancer. Although several mechanisms have been suggested to explain this unusual metastasis, the actual mechanism remains unclear. We report a case of right spermatic cord and testicular metastasis, review its imaging findings, and suggest a mechanism of tumor spread.

Testicular atrophy after mumps orchitis: ultrasonographic findings.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the ultrasonographic findings of testicular atrophy after mumps orchitis.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the case files of eight patients (14 to 24 years old; mean, 17 years) with mumps orchitis and testicular atrophy who were treated between January 2011 and September 2017. On gray-scale and color Doppler, the ultrasonographic features of volume, shape, echogenicity, and degree of blood flow in the testes were analyzed as part of both initial and follow-up ultrasonography.

Peanut Sprout Extracts Cultivated with Fermented Sawdust Medium Inhibits Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and .

Purpose: In this study, we tested whether the resveratrol-enriched peanut sprout extracts cultivated with fermented sawdust medium (PSEFS) could suppress benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and .

Materials And Methods: The mode of action of PSEFS was estimated by employing high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, MTT assay, cell counting, cell cycle analysis, immunoblots, and immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. efficacy of PSEFS was analyzed in BPH animal model immunostaining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Granulomatous Prostatitis Mimicking Prostate Cancer.

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging plays an important role in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer. However, there is some overlap between prostate cancer and granulomatous prostatitis. We describe the imaging features of granulomatous prostatitis, which frequently mimics prostate cancer, and differential diagnosis between these conditions according to Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) version.

Potential image-based criteria of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer: multireaders' diagnostic performance.

Purpose: The objective was to assess which image-based criteria can be best accurately determined at MDCT and which results in least overtreatment.

Materials And Methods: A total of 110 consecutive patients, who underwent curative surgery for colon cancer, were included in this retrospective study. Five radiologists independently assessed the longitudinal diameter of cancer as well as T- and N-categories.

Pyridoxine Preferentially Induces Auditory Neuropathy Through Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis.

Objectives: Auditory neuropathy due to toxicity mechanism of pyridoxine has not yet been fully documented. Therefore, the present study explored a direct mechanism underlying the effects of pyridoxine on auditory neuropathy in organ of Corti (OC) explants ex vivo and cochlear neuroblast cell line, VOT-33 in vitro.

Methods: Primary OC explants containing spiral ganglion neurons and cultured VOT-33 cells were treated with pyridoxine.

Involvement of TNF-α and IFN-γ in Inflammation-Mediated Cochlear Injury.

Objectives: Inflammation is crucial for the pathogenesis of acquired sensorineural hearing loss, but the precise mechanism involved remains elusive. Among a number of inflammatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) plays a pivotal role in cisplatin ototoxicity. However, TNF-α alone is cytotoxic to cochlear sensory cells only at the extremely high concentrations, suggesting the involvement of other factors that may sensitize cells to TNF-α cytotoxicity.