Development of Haploid Plants by Shed-Microspore Culture in (Jacq.) A. DC.

Anther and microspore cultures are efficient methods for inducing haploids in plants. The microspore culture by chromosome-doubling method can produce double haploid lines, developing pure lines within the first or second generations. This study aimed to induce haploid plants in using the shed-microspore culture method.

Effects of TSA, NaB, Aza in Lactuca sativa L. protoplasts and effect of TSA in Nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts on cell division and callus formation.

Whole-plant regeneration via plant tissue culture is a complex process regulated by several genetic and environmental conditions in plant cell cultures. Recently, epigenetic regulation has been reported to play an important role in plant cell differentiation and establishment of pluripotency. Herein, we tested the effects of chemicals, which interfere with epigenetic regulation, on the plant regeneration from mesophyll protoplasts of lettuce.

CsRCI2D enhances high-temperature stress tolerance in Camelina sativa L. through endo-membrane trafficking from the plasma membrane.

Rare Cold Inducible 2s (RCI2s) are hydrophobic proteins in cell membranes that participate in abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms. Additionally, they are used as traceable membrane trafficking markers in endocytosis studies. Plants regulate cell homeostasis through endocytosis by limiting the activity of plasma membrane transporter proteins to adapt to stressful conditions.

Increasing Monounsaturated Fatty Acid Contents in Hexaploid Seed Oil by Gene Knockout Using CRISPR-Cas9.

Seed oils are used as edible oils and increasingly also for industrial applications. Although high-oleic seed oil is preferred for industrial use, most seed oil is high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and low in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) such as oleic acid. Oil from Camelina, an emerging oilseed crop with a high seed oil content and resistance to environmental stress, contains 60% PUFAs and 30% MUFAs.

Subcellular Journey of Rare Cold Inducible 2 Protein in Plant Under Stressful Condition.

Rare cold inducible 2 (RCI2) proteins are small hydrophobic membrane proteins in plants, and it has been widely reported that RCI2 expressions are dramatically induced by salt, cold, and drought stresses in many species. The RCI2 proteins have been shown to regulate plasma membrane (PM) potential and enhance abiotic stress tolerance when over-expressed in plants. RCI2 protein structures contain two transmembrane domains that are thought to be PM intrinsic proteins and have been observed at the PM and endomembranes.

Development of a Rapid Selection System for Salt-Resistant Mutants of through Protoplast Culture after Gamma Irradiation.

We aimed to develop a novel technology capable of rapidly selecting mutant plant cell lines. Salt resistance was chosen as a rapid selection trait that is easily applicable to protoplast-derived cell colonies. Mesophyll protoplasts were cultured in a medium supplemented with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 mM NaCl.

Overexpression of phytochelatin synthase AtPCS2 enhances salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Phytochelatin synthase (PCS) is an enzyme that synthesizes phytochelatins, which are metal-binding peptides. Despite the important role of PCS in heavy metal detoxification or tolerance, the functional role of PCS with respect to other abiotic stresses remains largely unknown. In this study, we determined the function of Arabidopsis thaliana phytochelatin synthase 2 (AtPCS2) in the salt stress response.

NaCl-induced CsRCI2E and CsRCI2F interact with aquaporin CsPIP2;1 to reduce water transport in Camelina sativa L.

Rare cold-inducible 2 (RCI2) proteins are small hydrophobic proteins that are known to be localized in cellular membranes. The function of RCI2 proteins has been reported to be associated with low-temperature, salt, and drought stress tolerances as a membrane potential regulator; however, the specific functions are still unknown. The PIP2 (plasma membrane intrinsic protein 2) aquaporins are proteins that transport water and small solutes into the cell.

Changes in fatty acid content and composition between wild type and CsHMA3 overexpressing Camelina sativa under heavy-metal stress.

Under heavy-metal stress, CsHMA3 overexpressing transgenic Camelina plants displayed not only a better quality, but also a higher quantity of unsaturated fatty acids in their seeds compared with wild type. Camelina sativa L. belongs to the Brassicaceae family and is frequently used as a natural vegetable oil source, as its seeds contain a high content of fatty acids.

The Camelina aquaporin CsPIP2;1 is regulated by phosphorylation at Ser273, but not at Ser277, of the C-terminus and is involved in salt- and drought-stress responses.

Aquaporin (AQP) proteins are involved in water homeostasis in cells at all taxonomic levels of life. Phosphorylation of some AQPs has been proposed to regulate water permeability via gating of the channel itself. We analyzed plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIP) from Camelina and characterized their biological functions under both stressful and favorable conditions.

Alteration of leaf shape, improved metal tolerance, and productivity of seed by overexpression of CsHMA3 in Camelina sativa.

Background: Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz, known by such popular names as "gold-of-pleasure" and "false flax," is an alternative oilseed crop for biofuel production and can be grown in harsh environments. Considerable interest is now being given to the new concept of the development of a fusion plant which can be used as a soil remediation plant for ground contaminated by heavy metals as well as a bioenergy crop.

Molecular cloning, characterization, and stress-responsive expression of genes encoding glycine-rich RNA-binding proteins in Camelina sativa L.

Camelina sativa L. is an oil-seed crop that has potential for biofuel applications. Although the importance of C.

Two aquaporins of Jatropha are regulated differentially during drought stress and subsequent recovery.

Jatropha has potential to be an important bio-fuel crop due to such advantages as high seed oil content and the ability to grow well on marginal lands less suited for food crops. Despite its ability to grow on marginal land, Jatropha is still susceptible to high salt and drought stresses, which can significantly reduce plant growth, stomatal conductance, sap-flow rate, and plant sap volume. This study was undertaken to collect basic knowledge of the physiological and molecular aspects of Jatropha response to salt and drought stresses, and to elucidate how Jatropha recovers from stress.

Cold stress causes rapid but differential changes in properties of plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase of camelina and rapeseed.

Camelina (Camelina sativa) and rapeseed (Brassica napus) are well-established oil-seed crops with great promise also for biofuels. Both are cold-tolerant, and camelina is regarded to be especially appropriate for production on marginal lands. We examined physiological and biochemical alterations in both species during cold stress treatment for 3 days and subsequent recovery at the temperature of 25°C for 0, 0.

A feasibility study on the multistage process for the oxalic acid pretreatment of a lignocellulosic biomass using electrodialysis.

The present study investigated the feasibility of the recovery and reuse oxalic acid in a multistage process for the pretreatment of a lignocellulosic biomass. Electrodialysis (ED), an electrochemical process using ion exchange membranes, was used to recover and reuse oxalic acid in the multistage process. The ED optimal condition for recover oxalic acid was potential of 10V and pH 2.

The minor spliceosomal protein U11/U12-31K is an RNA chaperone crucial for U12 intron splicing and the development of dicot and monocot plants.

U12 intron-specific spliceosomes contain U11 and U12 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins and mediate the removal of U12 introns from precursor-mRNAs. Among the several proteins unique to the U12-type spliceosomes, an Arabidopsis thaliana AtU11/U12-31K protein has been shown to be indispensible for proper U12 intron splicing and for normal growth and development of Arabidopsis plants. Here, we assessed the functional roles of the rice (Oryza sativa) OsU11/U12-31K protein in U12 intron splicing and development of plants.

Zn tolerance of novel Colocasia esculenta metallothionein and its domains in Escherichia coli and tobacco.

Contrary to extensive researches on the roles of metallothioneins (MTs) in metal tolerance of animals, the roles of plant MTs in metal tolerance are largely under investigation. In this study, we evaluated the functional role of type 2 MT from Colocasia esculenta (CeMT2b) in Zn tolerance of tobacco and E. coli cells.

Overexpression of PIP2;5 aquaporin alleviates effects of low root temperature on cell hydraulic conductivity and growth in Arabidopsis.

The effects of low root temperature on growth and root cell water transport were compared between wild-type Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and plants overexpressing plasma membrane intrinsic protein 1;4 (PIP1;4) and PIP2;5. Descending root temperature from 25°C to 10°C quickly reduced cell hydraulic conductivity (L(p)) in wild-type plants but did not affect L(p) in plants overexpressing PIP1;4 and PIP2;5. Similarly, when the roots of wild-type plants were exposed to 10°C for 1 d, L(p) was lower compared with 25°C.

The R-R-type MYB-like transcription factor, AtMYBL, is involved in promoting leaf senescence and modulates an abiotic stress response in Arabidopsis.

Functional analysis of a putative novel transcription factor Arabidopsis MYB-like protein designated AtMYBL, which contains two predicted DNA-binding domains, was performed. The physiological role of the R-R-type MYB-like transcription factor has not been reported in any plant. Analyses of an AtMYBL promoter-β-glucuronidase (GUS) construct revealed substantial gene expression in old leaves and induction of GUS activity by ABA and salt stress.

Arabidopsis thaliana Rubisco small subunit transit peptide increases the accumulation of Thermotoga maritima endoglucanase Cel5A in chloroplasts of transgenic tobacco plants.

Over the past decade various approaches have been used to increase the expression level of recombinant proteins in plants. One successful approach has been to target proteins to specific subcellular sites/compartments of plant cells, such as the chloroplast. In the study reported here, hyperthermostable endoglucanase Cel5A was targeted into the chloroplasts of tobacco plants via the N-terminal transit peptide of nuclear-encoded plastid proteins.

Isolation and functional characterization of the Arabidopsis salt-tolerance 32 (AtSAT32) gene associated with salt tolerance and ABA signaling.

Recently, we have isolated salt-tolerance genes (SATs) on the basis of the overexpression screening of yeast with a maize cDNA library from kernels. One of the selected genes [salt-tolerance 32 (SAT32)] appears to be a key determinant for salt stress tolerance in yeast cells. Maize SAT32 cDNA encodes for a 49-kDa protein, which is 41% identity with the Arabidopsis salt-tolerance 32 (AtSAT32) unknown gene.

Transgenic Arabidopsis and tobacco plants overexpressing an aquaporin respond differently to various abiotic stresses.

Despite the high isoform multiplicity of aquaporins in plants, with 35 homologues including 13 plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) in Arabidosis thaliana, the individual and integrated functions of aquaporins under various physiological conditions remain unclear. To better understand aquaporin functions in plants under various stress conditions, we examined transgenic Arabidopsis and tobacco plants that constitutively overexpress Arabidopsis PIP1;4 or PIP2;5 under various abiotic stress conditions. No significant differences in growth rates and water transport were found between the transgenic and wild-type plants when grown under favorable growth conditions.

The role of the plasma membrane in the response of plant roots to aluminum toxicity.

Al(3+), the predominant form of solubilized aluminum at pH values below 5.0, has been shown to exert a profound inhibitory effect on root elongation. Al is known to accumulate at the root apex.

Citrate secretion coupled with the modulation of soybean root tip under aluminum stress. Up-regulation of transcription, translation, and threonine-oriented phosphorylation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase.

The aluminum (Al)-induced secretion of citrate has been regarded as an important mechanism for Al resistance in soybean (Glycine max). However, the mechanism of how Al induces citrate secretion remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the regulatory role of plasma membrane H+-ATPase on the Al-induced secretion of citrate from soybean roots.