New Mechanism of Hepatic Fibrogenesis: Hepatitis C Virus Infection Induces Transforming Growth Factor β1 Production through Glucose-Regulated Protein 94.

Unlabelled: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the leading causes of chronic liver inflammatory disease (hepatitis), which often leads to more severe diseases, such as liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver fibrosis, in particular, is a major pathogenic consequence of HCV infection, and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) plays a key role in its pathogenesis. Several HCV proteins have been suggested to either augment or suppress the expression of TGF-β1 by HCV-infected cells.

Correction: Surface group modification and carrier transport properties of layered transition metal carbides (Ti2CT(x), T: -OH, -F and -O).

Correction for 'Surface group modification and carrier transport properties of layered transition metal carbides (Ti2CTx, T: -OH, -F and -O)' by Shen Lai, et al., Nanoscale, 2015, DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06513e.

Diffusion tensor tractography measurement of the distance between corticospinal tracts in patients with spontaneous intraventricular haemorrhage.

Objective: The difference in the widest distance between corticospinal tracts (CST) on diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) in stroke patients with hydrocephalus was investigated retrospectively.

Methods: Distances were measured on an axial slice of the corona radiata, which provided the widest distance between CSTs. Two distances were measured, the absolute distance - the distance between the most medial point of the CSTs and the relative distance - calculated as a percentage of the absolute distance.

Aging of the cingulum in the human brain: Preliminary study of a diffusion tensor imaging study.

The cingulum, a major structure of the limbic system, is closely associated with memory function. In the current study, we investigated aging of the cingulum according to the location of the cingulum in each part of the cingulum after dividing the cingulum into five parts in normal subjects, using DTT parameters (fractional anisotropy (FA) and fiber number (FN)). Ninety healthy subjects (males: 44, females: 46, mean age: 49.

Injury of the Thalamocingulate Tract in the Papez Circuit in Patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

The thalamocingulate tract between the anterior thalamic nuclei and the cingulate gyrus is a part of the Papez circuit. Using diffusion tensor tractography, injury of the thalamocingulate tract was investigated in patients with mild traumatic brain injury. Two patients (patient 1: a 58-yr-old woman and patient 2: a 49-yr-old man) with head trauma resulting from a car accident were enrolled.

Surface group modification and carrier transport properties of layered transition metal carbides (Ti2CT(x), T: -OH, -F and -O).

In spite of recent significant research into various two-dimensional (2D) materials after the emergence of graphene, the development of a new 2D material that provides both high mobility and an appropriate energy band gap (which are crucial for various device applications) remains elusive. In this report, we demonstrate that the carrier transport behaviour of 2D Ti2CTx, which belongs to the family of 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides, can be tuned by modifying the surface group Tx (-OH, -F, and -O). Our results show that 2D Ti2C(OH)xFy and Ti2COx films can be obtained via simple chemical treatment, thermal annealing, and mechanical exfoliation processes.

Cap-dependent translation is mediated by 'RNA looping' rather than 'ribosome scanning'.

The 40S ribosomal subunit cannot directly recognize the start codon of eukaryotic mRNAs. Instead, it recognizes the start codon after its association with the 5'-cap structure via translation initiation factors. Base-by-base inspection of the 5'UTR by a scanning ribosome is the generally accepted hypothesis of start codon selection.

The Ascending Reticular Activating System in a Patient With Severe Injury of the Cerebral Cortex: A Case Report.

We reported on the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) finding of a patient in whom severe injury of the cerebral cortex was detected following a hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI).A 67-year-old female patient who suffered from HIBI induced by cardiac arrest after surgery for lumbar disc herniation underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation approximately 20 to 30 minutes after cardiac arrest. The patient exhibited impaired alertness, with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 4 (eye opening: 2, best verbal response: 1, and best motor response: 1).

Recovery of an Injured Cingulum via the Lateral Cholinergic Pathway in a Patient with Traumatic Brain Injury.

We report on a patient with traumatic brain injury who showed recovery of an injured cingulum via the lateral cholinergic pathway, using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT). A 63-year-old man underwent craniotomy for subarachnoid hemorrhage and subdural hemorrhage in both frontotemporal lobes, which occurred by hitting his head against a floor after falling from approximately 2 m. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale and the Seoul neuropsychological screening battery were used for evaluation of cognitive function.

Injury of the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract in a patient with mild traumatic brain injury.

Background: Several studies using diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) have demonstrated injury of the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract (DRTT) in various brain pathologies. However, no study on traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been reported. This case study attempted to demonstrate injury of the DRTT in a patient with mild TBI, using DTT.

Injuries of neural tracts in a patient with CADASIL: a diffusion tensor imaging study.

Background: We report a patient with cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), who showed injuries of the neural tracts, which was demonstrated by diffusion tensor tractography (DTT).

Case Presentation: A 64-year-old male patient and seven age-matched control volunteers were recruited. Since approximately 1.

Is High-Flexion Total Knee Arthroplasty a Valid Concept? Bilateral Comparison With Standard Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the high-flexion total knee prosthesis significantly improves knee flexion in vivo.

Methods: Forty-four patients undergoing same-day bilateral total knee arthroplasty for primary osteoarthritis of both knees were randomized to receive a standard posterior-stabilized knee prosthesis (P.F.

Compensatory Neural Tract from Contralesional Fornical Body to Ipsilesional Medial Temporal Lobe in a Patient with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Case Report.

The authors attempted to demonstrate the compensatory process for an injured fornical crus after mild traumatic brain injury, using follow-up diffusion tensor tractography. A 50-yr-old female patient had a mild traumatic brain injury resulting from a collision that occurred while driving a sedan that was hit from the side. The patient complained of memory impairment since the onset of head trauma and underwent neuropsychologic evaluation at 2 mos after onset with global memory: 77 (6%ile) on the Memory Assessment Scale.

The direct pathway from the brainstem reticular formation to the cerebral cortex in the ascending reticular activating system: A diffusion tensor imaging study.

Precise evaluation of the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) is important for diagnosis, prediction of prognosis, and management of patients with disorders of impaired consciousness. In the current study, we attempted to reconstruct the direct neural pathway between the brainstem reticular formation (RF) and the cerebral cortex in normal subjects, using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Forty-one healthy subjects were recruited for this study.

Predictability of Motor Outcome According to the Time of Motor Evoked Potentials From the Onset of Stroke in Patients With Putaminal Hemorrhage.

Objective: To determine the predictability of motor evoked potentials (MEP) in patients with putaminal hemorrhage (PH) according to the time of MEP from the onset of stroke.

Methods: Sixty consecutive patients with PH from January 2006 to November 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Motor function of affected extremities was measured at onset time and at six months after the onset.

The effect of high medical expenses on household income in South Korea: a longitudinal study using propensity score matching.

Background: Almost 97% of the Korean population is covered by National Health Insurance and are entitled to receive the same level of insurance benefits, regardless of how much each enrollee contributes to the system. However, the percentage of out-of-pocket payments is still high. This study examines whether the incurrence of high medical expenses affects household income.

The Patient's Perception Does Not Differ Following Subvastus and Medial Parapatellar Approaches in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Simultaneous Bilateral Randomized Study.

This simultaneous bilateral randomized study investigated whether patients would perceive the difference between the subvastus approach (SVA) and the medial parapatellar approach (MPA) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In 50 patients scheduled to undergo same-day bilateral TKA, one knee was randomly assigned to SVA and the other to MPA. Patient-reported measures (pain, Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index score, and side preference) and physician-assessed measures (isokinetic muscle strength, range of motion, and Knee Society score) were compared.

Thalamic Reorganization in Chronic Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.

The aim of this study was to investigate changes of synaptic area of the spinothalamic tract and its thalamocortical pathway (STT) in the thalamus in chronic patients with putaminal hemorrhage.Twenty four patients with a lesion in the ventral posterior lateral nucleus (VPL) of the thalamus following putaminal hemorrhage were recruited for this study. The subscale for tactile sensation of the Nottingham Sensory Assessment (NSA) was used for the determination of somatosensory function.