Extended reality in anesthesia: a narrative review.

The application of extended reality (XR) technology is rapidly expanding in the medical field, including anesthesia. This review aims to introduce the current literature on XR utilization to help anesthesiologists adopt this technology in education and clinical practice. XR is useful for both knowledge acquisition and skill training in a wide range of settings, from students to medical professionals.

Impact of the probiotic on loperamide-induced delayed bowel movement in Sprague-Dawley rats.

This study investigated the effects of on alleviating loperamide-induced constipation. To evaluate the efficacy of in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, fecal parameters, the intestinal transit rate, and changes in intestinal mucosal cells were measured through histological analysis. Additionally, serotonin levels, water absorption, tight junction-related gene expression, and the cecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content were analyzed.

Sleep-enhancing effect of Hongcheon-hop (Humulus lupulus L.) extract containing xanthohumol and humulone through GABA receptor.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The bitter resins in hops (Humulus lupulus) modulate GABA receptors, leading to central nervous system suppression, which induces sedative effects and enhances sleep.

Aim Of The Study: This study intends to explore the sleep-enhancing properties of Hongcheon-hop extract, a hop native to Korea, by analyzing sleep structure and its mechanisms through EEG.

Materials And Methods: A pentobarbital-induced sleep model was used, along with EEG analysis to study sleep architecture.

Yohimbine Inhibits PDGF-Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration via FOXO3a Factor.

Yohimbine (YHB) has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and cardiac function-enhancing properties. Additionally, it has been reported to inhibit the proliferation, migration, and neointimal formation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulation by suppressing the phospholipase C-gamma 1 pathway. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of YHB controlling the behavior of VSMCs is not fully understood.

Lactitol Alleviates Loperamide-Induced Constipation in Sprague Dawley Rats by Regulating Serotonin, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, and Gut Microbiota.

The objective of this study was to examine the impact of lactitol on constipation caused by loperamide in Sprague Dawley rats, with a particular emphasis on its underlying mechanisms and potential health advantages. The lactitol effectively improved fecal parameters, intestinal tissue structure, and the expression of constipation-related gene expression and proteins. Lactitol alleviated fecal weight and water content altered by loperamide and enhanced gastrointestinal transit.

M2-Fermented Whey Protein Hydrolysate Increases Slow-Wave Sleep via GABA Receptors in Rodent Models.

In this study, we investigated the effects of whey protein hydrolysate (WPH) fermented with on sleep behavior and GABAergic mechanisms in rodent models. Fermentation converted the glutamate in WPH to high (3.15 ± 0.

The Preparation and Physiochemical Characterization of Chitin Using Alcalase.

Chitin is mostly produced from crustaceans, but it is difficult to supply raw materials due to marine pollution, and the commonly used chemical chitin extraction method is not environmentally friendly. Therefore, this study aims to establish a chitin extraction process using enzymes and to develop edible insect-derived chitin as an eco-friendly new material. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimal conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis.

sp. nov., isolated from the gut of an olive flounder .

A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, flagellated and coccoid, ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, NIFS-20-8, was isolated from the intestine of an olive flounder () from the East Sea, Republic of Korea. The neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain NIFS-20-8 fell within the clade comprising the type strains of species. Strain NIFS-20-8 exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.

Motion Effects: Perceptual Space and Synthesis for Specific Perceptual Properties.

A motion effect, the vestibular stimulus generated by a moving chair, is crucial in improving user experiences in many virtual reality (VR) and entertainment applications. However, the perceptual characteristics of motion effects remain unexplored to a great extent. This paper constructs a perceptual space that accounts for many motion effects based on their perceptual distances and then demonstrates smooth-rough and irregular-regular as its two primary perceptual dimensions.

Protein Hydrolysate from Prevents Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy via Akt/Foxo3 Signaling in C2C12 Myotubes.

Loss of muscle mass is the primary symptom of sarcopenia. Protein intake is recommended to prevent muscle mass loss, and , a microalga with high protein content, is a potential protein supplement. Here, we evaluated the differentiation ability of C2C12 cells and the inhibitory effect of hydrolysates (SPH) prepared by Collupulin on dexamethasone (DEX)-treated C2C12 cells.

Antioxidant and Immunostimulatory Activities of a Submerged Culture of Using Spent Coffee.

Spent coffee grounds (SCG) are inexpensive materials that have been used as a source of antioxidants and polysaccharides with immunostimulatory activity. In this study, we performed a microbial fermentation of SCG using and investigated the radical scavenging and immunostimulatory activity of fermented SCG. SCG fermentation using was performed at 25 °C for 8 d.

Metasurface-driven OLED displays beyond 10,000 pixels per inch.

Optical metasurfaces are starting to find their way into integrated devices, where they can enhance and control the emission, modulation, dynamic shaping, and detection of light waves. In this study, we show that the architecture of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays can be completely reenvisioned through the introduction of nanopatterned metasurface mirrors. In the resulting meta-OLED displays, different metasurface patterns define red, green, and blue pixels and ensure optimized extraction of these colors from organic, white light emitters.

Encapsulated Curcumin Enhances Intestinal Absorption and Improves Hepatic Damage in Alcoholic Liver Disease-Induced Rats.

Encapsulated curcumin (ENCC) was prepared from a commercial curcuminoids complex and was evaluated for its intestinal permeability and hepatoprotective effects. Intestinal permeability was evaluated using a Caco-2 intestinal cell monolayer system and the non-everted gut sac method. The hepatoprotective effect was evaluated in experimental rats administered alcohol for 4 weeks.

Genetic Counseling Status and Perspectives Based on a 2018 Professional Survey in Korea.

Background: Genetic counseling (GC) provides many benefits, including the identification of patients appropriate for testing, patient education, and medical management. We evaluated the current status of and challenges faced by GC practitioners in Korean hospitals.

Methods: An electronic survey was designed and conducted in 52 certified laboratory physicians belonging to the Korean Society of Laboratory Medicine, from August to September 2018.

Enzymatic hydrolysis increases ginsenoside content in Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng CA Meyer) and its biotransformation under hydrostatic pressure.

Background: Enzymatic hydrolysis and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) are common processing techniques in the extraction of active compounds from food materials. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of enzymatic hydrolysis combined with HHP treatments on ginsenoside metabolites in red ginseng.

Results: The yield and changes in the levels of polyphenol and ginsenoside were measured in red ginseng treated with commercial enzymes such as Ultraflo L, Viscozyme, Cytolase PCL5, Rapidase and Econase E at atmospheric pressure (0.

GABA and l-theanine mixture decreases sleep latency and improves NREM sleep.

Context: γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter and it is well established that activation of GABA receptors favours sleep. l-Theanine, a naturally occurring amino acid first discovered in green tea, is a well-known anti-anxiety supplement with proven relaxation benefits.

Objective: This study investigated the potential synergistic sleep enhancement effect of GABA/l-theanine mixture.

Effect of isomaltulose used for osmotic extraction of fruit juice substituting sucrose.

This study evaluated the applicability of isomaltulose as a sucrose substitute in the osmotic extraction of fruit juice. Isomaltulose (20 mM) significantly reduced the uptake of a fluorescent tracer-2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diaxol-4-yl) amino]-2-deoxyglucose. Juice extracted by isomaltulose had similar pH and titratable acidity values to those of the other sugars.

Complex-oligosaccharide composed of galacto-oligosaccharide and lactulose ameliorates loperamide-induced constipation in rats.

The purpose of this study was to compare the beneficial effects of galactooligosaccharide (GOS), lactulose, and a complex-oligosaccharide composed with GOS and lactulose (Com-oligo) on loperamide-induced constipation in SD rats. Rats were randomly divided into the following eight groups: the normal group (Nor); constipation control group (Con); and 6 constipation groups fed low and high doses of GOS, lactulose (Lac), and Com-oligo, respectively. Com-oligo increased intestinal transit ratio and relieved constipation in loperamide-treated rats.

Romaine Lettuce/Skullcap Mixture Improves Sleep Behavior in Vertebrate Models.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of romaine lettuce leaves extract (RE), skullcap root extract (SE) and their mixture on sleep behaviors in vertebrate models. HPLC analysis showed that RE contains lactucopicrin (0.02±0.

Absorption rate of krill oil and fish oil in blood and brain of rats.

Background: Krill (Euphausia superba) is a small marine crustacean with a lipid content. The mechanism of Krill oil function is not clear yet and research reports on the absorption rate of the phospholipids of krill oil in the blood and brain are very poor.

Methods: We studied the effect of oral short-term and long-term administration of Krill oils (KOs) on bioavailability in the blood and brain of rats.

Valerian/Cascade mixture promotes sleep by increasing non-rapid eye movement (NREM) in rodent model.

The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effect of Valerian/Cascade mixture on sleeping in mammal models. In pentobarbital-induced sleep model, Valerian, Cascade, and Valerian/Cascade mixture significantly reduced the latency time for sleeping, and total sleeping time effectively increased in these sample groups compared with the control. Valerian/Cascade mixture increased sleep duration by 37%.

The attenuation of neurological injury from the use of simvastatin after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

Background: Spinal cord ischemic injury remains a serious complication of open surgical and endovascular aortic procedures. Simvastatin has been reported to be associated with neuroprotective effect after spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic efficacy of starting simvastatin after spinal cord IR injury in a rat model.

Changes in Sleep-Wake Behavior Due to Lotus () Seed and Hwang Jeong () Extracts.

We evaluated the sleep enhancement activity of the medicinal herbs valerian (), jujube (), lotus seed (), , , and baekbokryung (), which can relieve insomnia in a model. Locomotor activity was measured in the model to evaluate the sleep activity of Korean medicinal herbs traditionally used as sleep aids. The group treated with lotus seed extract showed less nocturnal activity.