ASSESSMENT OF SIMULATED SURGICAL DEXTERITY AFTER MODIFIABLE EXTERNAL EXPOSURES AMONG NOVICE VERSUS EXPERIENCED VITREORETINAL SURGEONS.

Purpose: To evaluate novice and senior vitreoretinal surgeons after various exposures. Multiple comparisons ranked the importance of these exposures for surgical dexterity based on experience.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included 15 novice and 11 senior vitreoretinal surgeons (<2 and >10 years' practice, respectively).

Electrophysiological findings in extensive macular atrophy with pseudodrusen.

Purpose: To present electroretinogram findings in extensive macular atrophy with pseudodrusen (EMAP) and describe associated systemic factors.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Methods: Data on medical history, visual symptoms, multimodal imaging findings, and visual field were collected from the medical records of patients with extensive macular atrophy with pseudodrusen who attended a visual electrophysiology laboratory.

Trends in cataract surgical treatment within the Brazilian national public health system over a 20-year period: Implications for Universal Eye Health as a global public health goal.

Cataract is a highly prevalent, treatable, and sight threatening condition considered one of the main focuses of public health policies addressing visual impairment and blindness towards Universal Eye Health. We aimed to investigate the trends on number of cataract surgical procedures performed through the Brazilian national health system (SUS) from 2000 to 2019 while also evaluating costs associated with it. The Brazilian Public Health System Information Database (DATASUS) was used as the primary data source for procedures including extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and phacoemulsification.

Weight-adjusted caffeine and β-blocker use in novice versus senior retina surgeons: a self-controlled study of simulated performance.

Background/objectives: Tremor and expertise are potentially influenced variables in vitreoretinal surgery. We investigated whether surgeon experience impacts the association of microsurgical performance with caffeine and β-blockers weight-adjusted intake.

Subjects/methods: Novice and senior surgeons (<2 and >10 practice years, respectively) were recruited in this self-controlled, cross-sectional study.

Contribution of objectively measured grating acuity by sweep visually evoked potentials to the diagnosis of unexplained visual loss.

Purpose: To investigate the diagnostic contribution of grating visual acuity (GVA) measured by sweep pattern-reversal visually evoked potentials (SPRVEP) in unexplained visual loss (UVL).

Methods: This case-control study included adult patients under suspicion of UVL referred to SPRVEP and transient pattern-reversal visually evoked potentials (TPRVEP) testing. Optotype visual acuity (OVA) was measured by ETDRS 4-meter chart and GVA by SPRVEP.

Prevalence of ocular findings regardless of visual acuity status in older adults from the Brazilian Amazon Region.

Recently, it has been recommended that population-based studies report not only frequencies of vision impairment and blindness but also any ocular abnormalities that might lead an individual to seek for eyecare services. The current study aimed to determine prevalence of ocular findings regardless of visual acuity (VA) status in older adults from the Brazilian Amazon Region. Disturbances were grouped into: Eyelids; Anterior Segment; Posterior Segment; Increased intraocular pressure; and Overall Globe.

Impaired Ganglion Cell Function Objectively Assessed by the Photopic Negative Response in Affected and Asymptomatic Members From Brazilian Families With Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy.

The photopic negative response (PhNR) is an electrophysiological method that provides retinal ganglion cell function assessment using full-field stimulation that does not require clear optics or refractive correction. The purpose of this study was to assess ganglion cell function by PhNR in affected and asymptomatic carriers from Brazilian families with LHON. Individuals either under suspicion or previously diagnosed with LHON and their family members were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study.

Electrophysiology in Glaucoma.

Objectives: Electrophysiological testing of the visual system has been continuously used in studies involving the evaluation of retinal ganglion cells and the diagnosis of glaucoma. This study aims to review the results of recent studies regarding the clinical applicability of electrophysiological tests to glaucoma.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature was carried out by 2 independent reviewers using the PubMed and EMBASE electronic databases, searching for articles published in English from January 1, 2014 to July 1, 2019 using a combination of the following keywords: ("glaucoma" OR "ocular hypertension") AND ("electrophysiolog" OR "electroretinogra" OR "ERG" OR "mfERG" OR "Pattern-reversal electroretinography" OR "PERG" OR "mfPERG" OR "photopic negative response" OR "pattern electroretinogram" OR "visual evoked potential" OR "multifocal electroretinography" OR "multifocal electroretinogram" OR "electro-oculography" OR "multifocal VEP" OR "mf-ERG").

Population-Based Cataract Surgery Complications and Their Impact on Visual Status in the Brazilian Amazon Region.

Purpose: To investigate cataract surgery prevalence, complications, visual outcomes, and coverage in a population of older adults from the Brazilian Amazon region.

Design: Population-based cross-sectional study.

Methods: Individuals ≥45 years of age from urban and rural areas of Parintins City, Brazil, were identified by cluster random sampling.

Vision Status in Older Adults: The Brazilian Amazon Region Eye Survey.

Older adults living in remote areas with limited access to health services are at higher risk to develop visual impairment and blindness. We conducted a population-based survey to determine the vision status in subjects 45 years of age and older from urban and rural areas of Parintins city, Brazilian Amazon Region. Participants underwent ophthalmic examination, including uncorrected (UCVA), presenting (PVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

INTRAVITREAL ZIV-AFLIBERCEPT FOR NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION: 52-Week Results.

Purpose: To evaluate the 52-week safety and efficacy of intravitreal ziv-aflibercept in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Methods: All patients received three monthly intravitreal injections of 0.05 mL of ziv-aflibercept (1.

Retinal Toxicity of Acai Fruit (Euterpe Oleracea) Dye Concentrations in Rabbits: Basic Principles of a New Dye for Chromovitrectomy in Humans.

Purpose: Evaluate toxicity of acai fruit (Euterpe oleracea) dye concentrations in a rabbit model.

Methods: Rabbits were injected intravitreously with 10%, 25%, and 35% acai dye concentrations. Control eyes received balanced salt solution (BSS).

Pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials as a diagnostic tool for ocular malingering.

Purpose:: To investigate the contributions of transient pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials in the diagnosis of ocular malingering at a Brazilian university hospital.

Methods:: Adult patients with suspected malingering in one or both eyes were referred for visual evoked potential testing. Data from patients' medical records were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively.

CLINICAL AND ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL EVALUATION AFTER INTRAVITREAL ZIV-AFLIBERCEPT FOR EXUDATIVE AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION.

Purpose: To evaluate the 6-month safety and efficacy of ziv-aflibercept intravitreal injections for treating exudative age-related macular degeneration.

Methods: Fifteen patients with unilateral exudative age-related macular degeneration were enrolled. The best-corrected visual acuity was measured and spectral domain optical coherence tomography was performed at baseline and monthly.

Retinal function in patients treated with tamoxifen.

Tamoxifen, an effective treatment of breast cancer, has been shown to cause ocular toxic effects. The purpose of this study was to determine retinal toxicity by full-field and focal electroretinograms (ERGs) in patients treated with tamoxifen. Fullfield and focal ERGs were obtained from three groups: Tamoxifen-14 females (47-72 years, mean 58.

Prevalence and outcomes of cataract surgery in Brazil: the São Paulo eye study.

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence and visual acuity (VA) outcomes of cataract surgery in a low- to middle-income population in São Paulo, Brazil.

Design: Population-based, cross-sectional study.

Methods: Cluster sampling was used in randomly selecting those > or =50 years old for VA measurement, refraction, and ocular examination.

Multifocal electroretinography, color discrimination and ocular toxicity in tamoxifen use.

Purpose: To study prospectively retinal function, color discrimination, and ocular toxicity in women treated with standard-dosage tamoxifen for breast cancer.

Methods: Thirty visually asymptomatic patients with at least 2 years of continuous tamoxifen therapy underwent multifocal electroretinography (ERG), color discrimination testing, and ophthalmic examination. The results were compared with 17 patients who were not taking tamoxifen after breast cancer surgery and to an additional age-matched group of 21 healthy women.