Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Low-Energy Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy for Various Conditions of Deep Dermal and Subdermal Fibrosis.

Background: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) enhances extracellular matrix remodeling and tissue regeneration by promoting growth factor release, regulating blood and lymphatic flows, and reducing fat and fibrotic tissues. Focused shock wave therapy (F-SWT), radial shock wave therapy (R-SWT), and combined F-SWT and R-SWT have been used to deliver different patterns of shock energy depending on the characteristics of the target lesions.

Methods: We investigated the efficacy and safety of ESWT in patients with dermal and subdermal fibrosis.

Effect of sequential delivery of 1- and 2-MHz bipolar microneedling radiofrequency energy on thermal tissue reactions in a minipig model.

Background: Bipolar microneedling radiofrequency (RF) treatment generates different patterns of thermal reactions, depending on the skin impedance and RF treatment parameters, including the frequency, power, conduction time, settings of sub-pulse packs, and penetrating depth and type of microneedles used. We compared the effect of sequential delivery of 1- and 2-MHz bipolar RF energy to in vivo minipig skin on thermal tissue reaction.

Methods: RF treatments at frequencies of 1 and 2 MHz were sequentially delivered to minipigs' skin in vivo.

Human dermal fibroblast-derived secretory proteins for regulating nerve restoration: A bioinformatic approach.

Background: Human dermal fibroblasts secrete diverse proteins that regulate wound repair and tissue regeneration.

Methods: In this study, dermal fibroblast-conditioned medium (DFCM) proteins potentially regulating nerve restoration were bioinformatically selected among the 337 protein lists identified by quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Using these proteins, protein-protein interaction network analysis was conducted.

Effects of Parallel Contact Cooling on Pulsed-Type, Bipolar Radiofrequency-Induced Tissue Reactions in an in vivo Porcine Model.

Background: Skin cooling during laser or radiofrequency (RF) treatments is a method to minimize thermal damage to the epidermis, reduce pain, and decrease post-treatment downtime. We evaluated the effect of parallel contact cooling (PCC) on RF-induced thermal reactions in minipig skin in vivo after bipolar microneedling RF treatment.

Methods: RF treatments were administered at frequencies of 0.

Analyzing secretory proteins in human dermal fibroblast-conditioned medium for angiogenesis: A bioinformatic approach.

Background: The conditioned medium from human dermal fibroblasts (dermal fibroblast-conditioned medium; DFCM) contains a diverse array of secretory proteins, including growth factors and wound repair-promoting proteins. Angiogenesis, a crucial process that facilitates the infiltration of inflammatory cells during wound repair, is induced by a hypoxic environment and inflammatory cytokines.

Methods: In this study, we conducted a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of 337 proteins identified through proteomics analysis of DFCM.

In vivo Guinea Pig Model Study for Evaluating Antifungal Effect of a Dual-Diode Laser with Wavelengths of 405 Nm and 635 Nm on Dermatophytosis.

Background: Various laser- and light-based devices have been introduced as complementary or alternative treatment modalities for dermatophytosis, particularly for finger or toenail onychomycosis.

Objective: This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the antifungal effects of 405-nm and 635-nm dual-band diode lasers using an in vivo guinea pig model of dermatophytosis.

Materials And Methods: A guinea pig model was developed by the repetitive application of fungal spore preparations to the back skin of guinea pigs.

Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Alopecia Areata in Korea: Part II Systemic Treatment.

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic disease with an unpredictable course and can have a severe psychological impact on an individual.

Objective: To provide evidence and consensus-based statements regarding the treatment of patients with AA in Korea.

Methods: We searched for relevant studies from inception to May 2021 regarding the systemic treatment of AA.

Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Alopecia Areata in Korea: Part I Topical and Device-based Treatment.

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a chronic disease with an unpredictable disease course and severe psychological impact.

Objective: To provide evidence- and consensus-based insights regarding the treatment of patients with AA in Korea.

Methods: We searched for relevant studies on the topical and device-based treatment of AA in the literature from inception until May 2021.

Proteomic Identification and Quantification of Secretory Proteins in Human Dermal Fibroblast-Conditioned Medium for Wound Repair and Hair Regeneration.

Background: Human dermal fibroblasts secrete numerous growth factors and proteins that have been suggested to promote wound repair and hair regeneration.

Methods: Human dermal fibroblast-conditioned medium (DFCM) was prepared, and proteomic analysis was performed. Secretory proteins in DFCM were identified using 1-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, in-gel trypsin protein digestion, and quantitative liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Immediate and Late Effects of Pulse Widths and Cycles on Bipolar, Gated Radiofrequency-Induced Tissue Reactions in in vivo Rat Skin.

Background: Single to multiple pulse packs of bipolar, alternating current radiofrequency (RF) oscillations have been used for various medical purposes using invasive microneedle electrodes. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of pulse widths and cycles of RF pulse packs on immediate and delayed thermal tissue reactions in in vivo rat skin.

Methods: RF energy at the frequency of 1 MHz and power of 70 W was delivered at each experimental setting into in vivo rat skin at 1.

Effect of Pulse Widths and Cycles on Invasive, Bipolar, and Gated Radiofrequency-Induced Thermal Reactions in ex vivo Bovine Liver Tissue.

Background: Radiofrequency (RF) oscillations generate thermal tissue reactions, the patterns of which vary depending on the mode and efficiency of energy delivery. The aim of our study was to analyze patterns of RF-induced thermal tissue reactions according to the modes of RF delivery, including continuous and gated modes, using an alternating current, invasive bipolar RF device.

Methods: RF energies at frequencies of 1 and 2 MHz were delivered at respective experimental settings into ex vivo bovine liver tissue at a 0.

Effects of Human Fibroblast-Derived Multi-Peptide Factors on the Proliferation and Migration of Nitrogen Plasma-Treated Human Dermal Fibroblasts.

Background: Human fibroblast-derived multi-peptide factors (MPFs) promote wound repair by playing crucial roles in cell recruitment, adhesion, attachment, migration, and proliferation.

Methods: Cultured human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were directly treated with non-contact low- and high-energy nitrogen plasma and further cultured in various conditioned media. Cell proliferation and wound-healing properties were evaluated.

The potential role of fibroblast-derived multi-peptide factors in activation of growth factors and β-Catenin in hair follicle cells.

Background: Dermal fibroblasts play a pivotal role in hair follicle regeneration during wound repair. Recently, dermal fibroblast-conditioned medium (DFCM), which contains multi-peptide factors (MPFs), has been used to promote wound repair.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the stimulatory effects of MPF-containing DFCM on hair growth.

Antibacterial and anticandidal effects of atmospheric-pressure, non-thermal, nitrogen- and argon-plasma pulses.

Atmospheric-pressure, non-thermal plasma destroys microorganisms by directly reacting with hydrocarbon molecules in the cell wall and/or by damaging the cytoplasmic membrane, proteins, and DNA with charged particles and reactive species. The aim of our study was to evaluate the antibacterial and anticandidal effects of atmospheric-pressure, non-thermal, nitrogen- and argon-plasma pulses on various pathogen preparations. The resultant antibacterial and anticandidal effects were assessed by evaluating percent and log reduction values for pathogen colonies.

Use of quantum molecular resonance energy for managing postrhinoseptoplasty perilesional edema and ecchymosis.

Background: Quantum molecular resonance (QMR) technology employs nonionizing high-frequency waves ranging from 4 to 64 MHz to generate low-intensity quanta of energy that interacts with cellular components.

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of QMR treatment on postoperative perilesional edema and ecchymosis in patients with rhinoseptoplasty or revision rhinoseptoplasty.

Patients/methods: In total, 30 patients were treated with QMR stimulation therapy (QMR group) once daily for 5 days, while another 30 patients were treated with conventional icepack application (control group).

Wound Healing Profile After 1064- and 532-nm Picosecond Lasers With Microlens Array of In Vivo Human Skin.

Background And Objectives: The aim of this study is to histologically characterize the wound healing process of in vivo human skin treated with 1064- and 532-nm microlens array (MLA)-type picosecond lasers.

Study Design/materials And Methods: Three patients (Fitzpatrick skin types II-IV), who were undergoing future cosmetic abdominoplasties, were treated with 1064- and 532-nm MLA-type lasers under different fluence settings. Treatments were performed 2 weeks, 1 week, and immediately prior to surgery.

Chemical reconstruction of skin scars (CROSS) method for atrophic scars: A comprehensive review.

Background: Chemical reconstruction of skin scars (CROSS) applies a high strength acid focally to treat atrophic scars. Although this method has gained popularity over the past two decades, no standardized treatment guideline exists for CROSS method in the treatment of atrophic scars.

Aims: The purpose of this comprehensive review was to evaluate the indications, detailed techniques, efficacy, and safety of CROSS method.

Interactive tissue reactions of 1064-nm focused picosecond-domain laser and dermal cohesive polydensified matrix hyaluronic acid treatment in in vivo rat skin.

Background: Picosecond-domain laser treatment using a microlens array (MLA) or a diffractive optical element (DOE) generates micro-injury zones in the epidermis and upper dermis.

Objective: To investigate interactive tissue reactions between MLA-type picosecond laser pulses and cohesive polydensified matrix hyaluronic acid (CPMHA) filler in the dermis.

Methods: In vivo rats with or without CPMHA pretreatment were treated with a 1064-nm picosecond-domain neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser using an MLA or DOE.

Publisher Correction: Pattern analysis of 532- and 1,064-nm picosecond-domain laser-induced immediate tissue reactions in ex vivo pigmented micropig skin.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Effects of argon and nitrogen plasma pulses on the skin and skin appendages in an in vivo animal model.

Background: For medical purposes, plasma can be generated from inert gaseous sources in a device by ultra-high-frequency generators and emitted to target tissue at a pulse duration in the milliseconds.

Objective: To evaluate argon and nitrogen plasma pulse-induced tissue reactions in the skin and skin appendages of an in vivo animal model.

Methods: Argon and nitrogen plasma pulses were non-invasively delivered to in vivo rat skin at various experimental settings.

Nonsurgical correction of drooping mouth corners using monophasic hyaluronic acid and incobotulinumtoxinA.

Background: Nonsurgical correction of drooping of the corners of the mouth requires a multimodal approach combining botulinum toxin and soft tissue filler injections.

Objective: To validate a nonsurgical therapeutic approach for correcting a "saddened" appearance characterized by drooping mouth corners, oral commissures, and/or marionette lines.

Methods: In this prospective, evaluator-blinded study, monophasic hyaluronic acid (MHA) was infiltrated to correct drooping mouth corners in four steps, deep oral commissures in two steps, and/or deep marionette lines in two steps, in that order.

Sequential delivery of long-pulsed 755-nm alexandrite laser and long-pulsed 1,064-nm neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser treatment for pigmented disorders.

Background: Long-pulsed (LP) lasers at pulse durations of 1-300 ms have been used to destroy nests of nevi cells by selectively targeting pigment chromophores.

Objective: To evaluate dual-wavelength LP laser-induced tissue reactions.

Methods: The patterns of LP 755-nm alexandrite (Alex) and/or 1064-nm neodymium (Nd):yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) laser-induced tissue reactions were macroscopically evaluated using a tattoo-embedded phantom.

Pattern analysis of 532- and 1,064-nm picosecond-domain laser-induced immediate tissue reactions in ex vivo pigmented micropig skin.

Optical pulses from picosecond lasers can be delivered to the skin as single, flat-top beams or fractionated beams using a beam splitter or microlens array (MLA). In this study, picosecond neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser treatment using a single flat-top beam and an MLA-type beam at the wavelengths of 532 nm and 1,064 nm were delivered on ex vivo genotype-regulated, pigmented micropig skin. Skin specimens were obtained immediately after treatment and microscopically analyzed.

Low-fluenced erbium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser treatment in combination with broadband light pretreatment for various pigmentation disorders in Asian patients.

Background: Low-fluenced 2940-nm erbium (Er):yttrium-aluminium-garnet (YAG) resurfacing elicits ablative photothermal tissue reactions confined to the uppermost parts of the epidermis.

Objective: To demonstrate the efficacy and safety of low-fluenced ablative Er:YAG laser treatment in combination with broadband light (BBL) pretreatment for various pigmentation disorders.

Methods: In total, 35 Korean patients with various pigmentation disorders were pretreated with BBL, and then, low-fluenced Er:YAG laser resurfacing was performed with a beam size of 4 mm and a fluence of 1.