Correlation between mammal track abundance and Forest Landscape Integrity Index validates actual forest ecological integrity.

Human disturbance compromises the ecological integrity of forests, negatively affecting associated species. Assessing the impact of forest integrity on biodiversity is complex due to the interplay of various human activities, ecological factors, and their interactions. Current large-scale indices assess forest integrity but often lack a direct connection to the biotic environment.

Impact of the 2022 Infant Formula Shortage on Self-Reported Rates of Anxiety and Depression: Evidence from the Household Pulse Survey.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of the 2022 infant formula shortage on self-reported anxiety and depression.

Background: The US national infant formula shortage of 2022 originated from supply chain disruptions triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the shortage was further compounded by a recall of tainted formula products.

Methods: We used survey-weighted data from the Household Pulse Survey (HPS) to measure self-reported anxiety and depression among individuals with formula-fed infants less than 1 year of age.

Household indoor air quality in northeast China: On-site inspection and measurement in 399 Tianjin area residences.

There has been an increased concern on indoor air quality (IAQ) in residences since the majority of individuals' time is mainly spent indoors. We inspected and measured indoor environmental parameters in 399 homes in northeast China in order to study IAQ. We systematically measured multilevel environmental parameters (physical, chemical, and biological) in children's bedrooms during all seasons.

Learning pharmacometric covariate model structures with symbolic regression networks.

Efficiently finding covariate model structures that minimize the need for random effects to describe pharmacological data is challenging. The standard approach focuses on identification of relevant covariates, and present methodology lacks tools for automatic identification of covariate model structures. Although neural networks could potentially be used to approximate covariate-parameter relationships, such approximations are not human-readable and come at the risk of poor generalizability due to high model complexity.

Biotransformation of the Novel Myeloperoxidase Inhibitor AZD4831 in Preclinical Species and Humans.

We report herein an in-depth analysis of the metabolism of the novel myeloperoxidase inhibitor AZD4831 (()-1-(2-(1-aminoethyl)-4-chlorobenzyl)-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-]pyrimidin-4(5)-one) in animals and human. Quantitative and qualitative metabolite profiling were performed on samples collected from mass balance studies in rats and humans. Exposure of circulating human metabolites with comparable levels in animal species used in safety assessment were also included.

Effects of Enzyme Induction and Polymorphism on the Pharmacokinetics of Isoniazid and Rifampin in Tuberculosis/HIV Patients.

Tuberculosis is the most common cause of death in HIV-infected individuals. Rifampin and isoniazid are the backbones of the current first-line antitubercular therapy. The aim of the present study was to describe the time-dependent pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of rifampin and isoniazid and to quantitatively evaluate the drug-drug interaction between rifampin and isoniazid in patients coinfected with HIV.

Role of ventilation and cleaning for controlling house dust mite allergen infestation: A study on associations of house dust mite allergen concentrations with home environment and life styles in Tianjin area, China.

House dust mites produce well-known allergens for asthma and allergy among children. To study house dust mite allergen exposure level in northeast China and characterize its association with indoor environmental factors and cleaning habits, we inspected 399 homes in Tianjin area and collected dust from mattresses. Dermatophagoides farinae (Der f) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.

Ecology and extent of freshwater browning - What we know and what should be studied next in the context of global change.

Water browning or brownification refers to increasing water color, often related to increasing dissolved organic matter (DOM) and carbon (DOC) content in freshwaters. Browning has been recognized as a significant physicochemical phenomenon altering boreal lakes, but our understanding of its ecological consequences in different freshwater habitats and regions is limited. Here, we review the consequences of browning on different freshwater habitats, food webs and aquatic-terrestrial habitat coupling.

Eczema, facial erythema, and seborrheic dermatitis symptoms among young adults in China in relation to ambient air pollution, climate, and home environment.

A questionnaire survey on dermal symptoms and home environment was performed in eight Chinese cities (40 279 participants). Data on city level temperature, precipitation, PM , NO and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita were collected. In total, 2.

Effect of efavirenz-based ART on the pharmacokinetics of rifampicin and its primary metabolite in patients coinfected with TB and HIV.

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of concomitant efavirenz-based ART and genetic polymorphism on the variability in rifampicin and 25-desacetylrifampicin pharmacokinetics.

Patients And Methods: Plasma concentrations of rifampicin and 25-desacetylrifampicin from 63 patients coinfected with TB and HIV were analysed by LC-MS/MS followed by non-linear mixed-effects modelling. Patients were genotyped for SLCO1B1 (463 C>A, 388 A>G, 11187 G>A, rs4149015, 521 T>C and 1436 G>C) and SLCO1B3 (334 T>G).

Prevalence of Childhood Asthma and Allergies and Their Associations with Perinatal Exposure to Home Environmental Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Tianjin, China.

Asthma, rhinitis, and eczema are becoming increasingly prevalent among children in China. Studies have shown that the perinatal period is critical and impacts children's health. However, research on the associations between perinatal factors and childhood allergic diseases in China are few.

Factors Affecting the Pharmacokinetics of Pyrazinamide and Its Metabolites in Patients Coinfected with HIV and Implications for Individualized Dosing.

Pyrazinamide is a first-line drug used in the treatment of tuberculosis. High exposure to pyrazinamide and its metabolites may result in hepatotoxicity, whereas low exposure to pyrazinamide has been correlated with treatment failure of first-line antitubercular therapy. The aim of this study was to describe the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of pyrazinamide in patients coinfected with tuberculosis and HIV.

Spread of respiratory infections in student dormitories in China.

Objectives: Student dormitory rooms in China are characterized by small space and high occupancy. This study aims to investigate infection rates for common colds and influenza among college students in a Chinese university and their association with the dormitory environment.

Methods: This study involved two phases.

Onset and remission of eczema at pre-school age in relation to prenatal and postnatal air pollution and home environment across China.

We investigated associations between prenatal and postnatal environmental factors and onset and remission of preschool childhood eczema across China. The study population was preschoolers in randomized day care centers in seven cities (N = 39,782). Data on eczema and prenatal and postnatal indoor and outdoor environment were obtained from a cross-sectional questionnaire sent to parents or other guardians.

Associations between ventilation and children's asthma and allergy in naturally ventilated Chinese homes.

Building ventilation is important for occupants' health. There are few studies of associations between home ventilation and occupant's health in China. During 2013-2016, we measured ventilation in 399 homes in Tianjin and Cangzhou, China, and surveyed the health history of children.

Asthma and allergic rhinitis among young parents in China in relation to outdoor air pollution, climate and home environment.

We estimated associations between ambient air pollution, home environment and asthma as well as rhinitis among adults across China. A total of 40,279 young adults from eight Chinese cities participated in a questionnaire survey (participation rate 75%). There were questions on health and home environment.

Common cold among young adults in China without a history of asthma or allergic rhinitis - associations with warmer climate zone, dampness and mould at home, and outdoor PM and PM.

This paper studied associations between reported common cold and home dampness and mould, cleaning habits and ventilation, climate and outdoor air pollution in China among young adults without asthma or allergic rhinitis. Parents of children attending day care in eight Chinese cities answered a questionnaire on their health and home environment (75% response rate). We restricted the population to subject without asthma or allergic rhinitis (N = 37,275).

Furry pet-related wheeze and rhinitis in pre-school children across China: Associations with early life dampness and mould, furry pet keeping, outdoor temperature, PM and PM.

Background: Few Chinese population studies exist on early life risk factors for furry pet allergy.

Objectives: We studied childhood respiratory symptoms when in contact with furry pets in relation to early life exposure. Moreover, we studied similar environmental associations for rhinitis not related to furry pets.

Monitoring of ticks and tick-borne pathogens through a nationwide research station network in Finland.

In 2015 a long-term, nationwide tick and tick-borne pathogen (TBP) monitoring project was started by the Finnish Tick Project and the Finnish Research Station network (RESTAT), with the goal of producing temporally and geographically extensive data regarding exophilic ticks in Finland. In the current study, we present results from the first four years of this collaboration. Ticks were collected by cloth dragging from 11 research stations across Finland in May-September 2015-2018 (2012-2018 in Seili).