Evaluation of antibiotic use and analysis of ciprofloxacin and gentamicin residue in fish samples from farms in Lagos, Nigeria.

Antibiotic use in aquaculture for increase yield has been established over time; however, consumption of such fish may lead to inadvertent intake of sub therapeutic doses of antibiotics. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the extent of antibiotic use in fish farming and ciprofloxacin and gentamicin residues in fish that are consumed in Lagos, Nigeria. It was conducted in two parts: a survey of 60 fish producers to assess their use of antibiotics and an analysis of ciprofloxacin and gentamicin residues in fish organs using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Low prevalence of isoniazid preventive therapy uptake among HIV-infected patients attending tertiary health facility in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria.

Introduction: the burden of HIV and tuberculosis co-infection is a global public health challenge. Despite the benefit of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in reducing the rate of co-infection, the uptake is generally limited in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of IPT use and the factors affecting the uptake among HIV-infected patients attending our Teaching Hospital.

A prospective study of the effect of antihypertensive medications on the sexual functions of hypertensive adult male patients.

Background: The potential for antihypertensive medications to produce deleterious adverse effects on sexual functions among hypertensive adult male patients has been widely reported, such adverse effects may limit drug adherence and compliance.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of antihypertensive medication use on sexual functions among hypertensive adult male patients.

Methodology: The study was carried out at the outpatient clinic of a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital.

High Risk of Drug-drug interactions among Hospitalized Patients with kidney Diseases at a Nigerian Teaching Hospital: A Call for Action.

Background: Potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are increasingly common in clinical practice, especially among individuals with chronic conditions, such as chronic kidney dysfunction. However, data relating to DDIs among chronically ill patients are limited in Nigeria. We, therefore, investigated the prevalence and pattern of DDIs among patients with kidney diseases on admission at a tertiary hospital in Lagos, Nigeria.

The approach of general practitioners in Lagos to the detection and evaluation of hypertension.

Introduction: Hypertension (HTN) control is a major public health and clinical challenge. A number of guidelines exist globally to assist in tackling this challenge. The aim of this study was to determine conformity of the HTN detection and evaluation practices of a sample of Lagos-based general practitioners (GPs) to international guidelines.

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions of Alafia barteri: Involvement of monoaminergic, nitrergic and opioidergic pathway.

Background: We have earlier reported the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Alafia barteri Oliver (Apocynaceae) in rodents but its mechanism of actionsare yet to be elucidated.

Objective: This study sought toinvestigate the involvement of monoaminergic, nitric oxide-cyclic GMP-K+ channel and opioidergic pathways in its mechanism of actions.

Methods: methanol root extract of Alafia barteri (ALA) (100-400 mg/kg, p.

Antinociceptive and anti-arthritic properties of hydroethanolic leaf extract of Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook. f. ex Benth (Rutaceae) in Rodents: possible mechanism of actions.

The leaves of Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook. f.

Potential of novel phytoecdysteroids isolated from Vitex doniana in the treatment depression: involvement of monoaminergic systems.

Vitex doniana Sweet (Verbanaceae) is used in traditional African medicine for the treatment of neurological disorders including depression. In our previous studies, three new phytoecdysteroids were isolated from methanol stem bark extract of V. doniana (VD) (11β-hydroxy-20-deoxyshidasterone, 21-hydroxyshidasterone, and 2,3-acetonide-24-hydroxyecdysone) along with known ecdysteroids.

Role for monoaminergic systems in the antidepressant and anxiolytic properties of the hydroethanolic leaf extract from Adenia cissampeloides.

Background: Adenia cissampeloides (Planch ex. Hook) Harms (Passifloraceae) leaf infusion is used in traditional African medicine as a stimulant to treat depression and insanity. Thus, this study investigates antidepressant and anxiolytic activities of the hydroethanol leaf extract of Adenia cissampeloides (ACE) in mice.

Potential drug-drug interactions in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy in Lagos, Nigeria.

Background: Multi-therapy is common in HIV-infected children, and the risk for clinically significant drug interactions (CSDIs) is high. We investigated the prevalence of CSDIs between antiretroviral (ARV) and co-prescribed drugs for children attending a large HIV clinic in Lagos, Nigeria.

Methods: The case files of pediatric patients receiving treatment at the HIV clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Idi-Araba, between January 2005 and December 2010 were reviewed.

Mechanisms of anticonvulsant and sedative actions of the ethanolic stem-bark extract of Ficus sur Forssk (Moraceae) in rodents.

Ficus sur Forssk (Moraceae) is used in traditional African medicine in the treatment of epilepsy, pain and inflammations. Anticonvulsant activity was investigated using picrotoxin (PTX), strychnine (SCN), isoniazid (INZ), pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid NMDA models of convulsion. The phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids and anthraquinone.

Anticonvulsant, anxiolytic and hypnotic effects of aqueous bulb extract of Crinum glaucum A. chev (Amaryllidaceae): role of GABAergic and nitrergic systems.

Crinum glaucum A. Chev (Amaryllidaceae) (CG) is a bulbous plant widely used in folk medicine in the treatment of cough, asthma and convulsions. This study was carried out to investigate the anticonvulsant, anxiolytic and hypnotic effects of the aqueous bulb extract of C.

Herbal medicines supplied by community pharmacies in Lagos, Nigeria: pharmacists' knowledge.

Background: The use of herbal medicines is on the increase globally and they are usually supplied in pharmacies as non-prescription medicines. Pharmacists are, therefore, responsible for educating and informing the consumers about rational use of herbal medicines.

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of pharmacists in Lagos, Nigeria with regards to the herbal medicines they supplied by their pharmacies.

Use of complementary medicine amongst patients on antiretroviral drugs in an HIV treatment centre in Lagos, Nigeria.

Traditional herbal remedies have been used to treat many ailments in Nigeria but the safety of herbal remedies has been the major concerns to many people especially when the chemical constituents of the products are not known. This study is therefore designed to evaluate the prevalence of use of complementary drugs with antiretroviral (ARV) therapy and possible treatment outcome of the concurrent utilization of these therapeutic agents. A descriptive cross-sectional survey of 354 HIV patients attending APIN clinics in LUTH using a consecutive sampling technique was used.

Investigation of the levels of oxidative stress parameters in HIV and HIV-TB co-infected patients.

Introduction: Among opportunistic pathogens associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Mycobacterium tuberculosis is distinguished by its relative virulence and potential for person-to-person transmission. Oxidative stress is associated with TB infection with a high level in patients with HIV-TB co-infection. However, the comparative level of oxidative stress in HIV patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) and naïve (untreated) HIV patients is not clear.

Knowledge, treatment seeking and preventive practices in respect of malaria among patients with HIV attending Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

The synergistic interaction between Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and malaria makes it mandatory for patients with HIV to respond appropriately in preventing and treating malaria. Such response will help to control the two diseases. This study assessed the knowledge of 495 patients attending the HIV clinic, in Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.