Loco-regional recurrence of adrenocortical carcinoma: A case report.

Introduction: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive endocrine malignancy with a high recurrence rate. Approximately half of the patients are asymptomatic, while others experience symptoms due to the tumor's size or hormone secretion. Ro resection if possible is the best option for treatment of primary as well as locoregional recurrent ACC.

Changes in Sales of Tobacco and Nicotine Replacement Therapy Products Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated social distancing policies such as lockdowns and quarantine influenced people's lives and health behaviors. We comprehensively assessed national trends in sales of cigarettes, cigars, e-cigarettes, and over-the-counter nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) products before and during the pandemic, allowing for cross-product comparisons. Stockpiling behavior was also assessed.

Cholecystectomy among Patients Admitted to the Department of Surgery in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Cholecystectomy refers to the surgical removal of the gallbladder. It is indicated in acute cholecystitis, and other complications of gallstones like cholecystitis, pancreatitis and bile duct obstruction, the presence of gallbladder trauma, and gallbladder cancer. The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of cholecystectomy among patients admitted to the Department of Surgery in a tertiary care centre.

Trends in Nicotine Strength in Electronic Cigarettes Sold in the United States by Flavor, Product Type, and Manufacturer, 2017-2022.

Introduction: Most e-cigarettes contain highly addictive nicotine. This study assessed trends in nicotine strength in e-cigarettes sold in the United States during January 2017-March 2022.

Aims And Methods: We obtained January 2017-March 2022 national retail e-cigarette sales data from NielsenIQ.

State-level metabolic comorbidity prevalence and control among adults age 50-plus with diabetes: estimates from electronic health records and survey data in five states.

Background: Although treatment and control of diabetes can prevent complications and reduce morbidity, few data sources exist at the state level for surveillance of diabetes comorbidities and control. Surveys and electronic health records (EHRs) offer different strengths and weaknesses for surveillance of diabetes and major metabolic comorbidities. Data from self-report surveys suffer from cognitive and recall biases, and generally cannot be used for surveillance of undiagnosed cases.

Cost of Cigarette Smoking‒Attributable Productivity Losses, U.S., 2018.

Introduction: Information on morbidity-related productivity losses attributable to cigarette smoking, an important component of the economic burden of cigarette smoking, is limited. This study fills this gap by estimating these costs in the U.S.

Inpatient care cost, duration, and acute complications associated with BMI in children and adults hospitalized for COVID-19.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the association of BMI with inpatient care cost, duration, and acute complications among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at 273 US hospitals.

Methods: Children (aged 2-17 years) and adults (aged ≥18 years) hospitalized for COVID-19 during March 2020-July 2021 and with measured BMI in a large electronic administrative health care database were included. Generalized linear models were used to assess the association of BMI categories with the cost and duration of inpatient care.

Estimation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hospitalization Costs From a Large Electronic Administrative Discharge Database, March 2020-July 2021.

Background: Information on the costs of inpatient care for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is very limited. This study estimates the per-patient cost of inpatient care for adult COVID-19 patients seen at >800 US hospitals.

Methods: Patients aged ≥18 years with ≥1 hospitalization during March 2020-July 2021 with a COVID-19 diagnosis code in a large electronic administrative discharge database were included.

Long COVID Patient Symptoms and its Evaluation and Management.

While the acute case burdens and deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic (in Nepal approaching 700,000 and 10,000 respectively) have been costly, the characteristics and potentially huge dimensions of the chronic disease sequelae of this infectious disease are only slowly becoming apparent. We reviewed Pub Med, major medical meeting and medical journal, and investigative journalist materials seeking to frame and describe COVID-19 chronic disease. The consequences of COVID-19 infections follow major organ damage, and induction of immunological and hormonal systems dysfunction.

Colonic Duplication Cyst in an Adult Woman: A Case Report.

Intestinal duplications are rare congenital anomaly found in pediatric age group. Although, ileum is the most common site, there are cases of colonic duplications even in the adult. We report a case of 43 years woman presented with chronic constipation, intermittent colicky abdomen pain and a cystic lump in left abdomen diagnosed as tubular duplication cyst of descending colon.

U.S. healthcare spending attributable to cigarette smoking in 2014.

Introduction: Cigarette smoking continues to be the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the U.S. Smoking also carries an economic burden, including smoking-attributable healthcare spending.

Receipt of and Spending on Cessation Medication Among US Adults With Employer-Sponsored Health Insurance, 2010 and 2017.

Objective: Studies examining the use of smoking cessation treatment and related spending among enrollees with employer-sponsored health insurance are dated and limited in scope. We assessed changes in annual receipt of and spending on cessation medications approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) among tobacco users with employer-sponsored health insurance from 2010 to 2017.

Methods: We analyzed data on 439 865 adult tobacco users in 2010 and 344 567 adult tobacco users in 2017 from the IBM MarketScan Commercial Database.

Cost Effectiveness of the Tips From Former Smokers® Campaign-U.S., 2012-2018.

Introduction: Since 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has conducted the national Tips From Former Smokers® public education campaign, which motivates smokers to quit by featuring people living with the real-life health consequences of smoking. Cost effectiveness, from the healthcare sector perspective, of the Tips From Former Smokers® campaign was compared over 2012-2018 with that of no campaign.

Methods: A combination of survey data from a nationally representative sample of U.

Prevalence and medical expenditures of diabetes-related complications among adult Medicaid enrollees with diabetes in eight U.S. states.

Aims: To estimate the prevalence and medical expenditures of diabetes-related complications (DRCs) among adult Medicaid enrollees with diabetes.

Methods: We estimated the prevalence and medical expenditures for 12 diabetes-related complications by Medicaid eligibility category (disability-based vs. non-disability-based) in eight states.

Medical expenditures for hypertensive disorders during pregnancy that resulted in a live birth among privately insured women.

Objective: To estimate the excess maternal health services utilization and direct maternal medical expenditures associated with hypertensive disorders during pregnancy and one year postpartum among women with private insurance in the United States.

Study Design: We used 2008-2014 IBM MarketScan® Commercial Databases to identify women aged 15-44 who had a pregnancy resulting in live birth during 1/1/09-12/31/13 and were continuously enrolled with non-capitated or partially capitated coverage from 12 months before pregnancy through 12 months after delivery. Hypertensive disorders identified by diagnosis codes were categorized into three mutually exclusive types: preeclampsia and eclampsia, chronic hypertension, and gestational hypertension.

Availability and Characteristics of Hospital-Affiliated Tobacco-Cessation Programs in the U.S., 2000-2018.

Introduction: Smoking-cessation interventions can increase successful quitting, reduce healthcare costs, and enhance patients' health and well-being. This study assesses changes in the availability of hospital-affiliated smoking-cessation programs over time in the U.S.

The Longitudinal Epidemiologic Assessment of Diabetes Risk (LEADR): Unique 1.4 M patient Electronic Health Record cohort.

Background: The Longitudinal Epidemiologic Assessment of Diabetes Risk (LEADR) study uses a novel Electronic Health Record (EHR) data approach as a tool to assess the epidemiology of known and new risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and study how prevention interventions affect progression to and onset of T2DM. We created an electronic cohort of 1.4 million patients having had at least 4 encounters with a healthcare organization for at least 24-months; were aged ≥18 years in 2010; and had no diabetes (i.

Factors Contributing to the Rising National Cost of Glucose-Lowering Medicines for Diabetes During 2005-2007 and 2015-2017.

Objective: We examined changes in glucose-lowering medication spending and quantified the magnitude of factors that are contributing to these changes.

Research Design And Methods: Using the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, we estimated the change in spending on glucose-lowering medications during 2005-2007 and 2015-2017 among adults aged ≥18 years with diabetes. We decomposed the increase in total spending by medication groups: for insulin, by human and analog; and for noninsulin, by metformin, older, newer, and combination medications.

Cigarette and electronic vapor product use among high school students in Georgia, 2015-2018.

Adolescent use of electronic vapor products (EVP) is increasing; however, changes in EVP use in the context of cigarette smoking is less certain. We analyzed trends in EVP and cigarette use among high school students in the state of Georgia. We used self-reported EVP and cigarette use from the annual for 2015 to 2018 (N = 1,405,108).

Medical Costs Among Youth Younger Than 20 Years of Age With and Without Diabetic Ketoacidosis at the Time of Diabetes Diagnosis.

Objective: While diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is common in youth at the onset of the diabetes, the excess costs associated with DKA are unknown. We aimed to quantify the health care services use and medical care costs related to the presence of DKA at diagnosis of diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: We analyzed data from the U.

Malignant Leydig Cell Tumor in Elderly Complete Androgen Insensitivity Patient: A Case Report.

There are various causes of primary amenorrhea in phenotypically females such as, complete androgen insensitivity syndrome, pure gonadal dysgenesis, 17b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency, or mixed gonadal dysgenesis. Primary amenorrhea in a phenotypically female is commonly encountered in Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome. In patients with Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome, with intra-abdominal testis there is high chances of developing testicular tumour, among them Sertoli cell tumour and seminoma being the most common types.

Paediatric Postoperative Intussusception.

Intussusception is one of the common causes of acute abdomen in early childhood, particularly in children younger than two years of age. The majority of cases in children are idiopathic. Pathologic lead points can be identified in only 25 percent of cases.