SMARCA4 Deficient Gastric Carcinoma With Squamous Differentiation in a Young Patient With Aggressive Clinical Course.

Inactivation of (BRG1), a subunit of SWI/SNF complex, has been reported in malignancies from various sites, including the thorax, uterus, ovary, and gastrointestinal tract, and is usually associated with aggressive clinical course. These tumors have been reported primarily in elderly patients and on histology demonstrate high-grade morphology, often with rhabdoid differentiation. SMARCA4 loss is exceedingly rare in primary gastric cancers.

BCOR-ITD Rearranged Sarcoma in the Mandible of a 5-Year-Old Child: A Case Report Highlighting Diagnostic Distinction From Odontogenic Fibromyxoma.

The 5th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of soft tissue and bone has recognized three distinct groups among Ewing-like sarcomas, namely, CIC-rearranged sarcoma, sarcomas with genetic alterations, and round cell sarcomas with EWSR1:: non-ETS fusions. Sarcomas with genetic alterations are a distinct clinicopathological group of high-grade tumors, representing 5% of small round cell tumors. BCOR-ITD rearranged tumors commonly manifest as spindle cell sarcomas and many of them display low cellularity with monomorphous cell morphology and myxoid background resembling benign fibroblastic tumors.

Evaluation of the follicular patterned thyroid lesions based on the WHO 2022 criteria with an emphasis on the grey-zone lesions.

Follicular-patterned thyroid nodules (FPTN) are classified byWHO-2022 into benign, borderline and malignant categories. There are however, grey-zone lesions that pose a diagnostic challenge due to ambiguity in defining criteria and inter-observer variability. WHO-2022 has enumerated specific diagnostic criteria for these lesions.

Primary leiomyosarcoma with osteosarcomatous differentiation of the breast.

Primary leiomyosarcoma with osteosarcomatous differentiation of the breast is an uncommon entity. We present the case of a 37-year-old female who presented with a lump in the breast and pulmonary lesions on PET-CT, for which she underwent a toilet mastectomy. Histopathological examination revealed a tumor with cells arranged in sheets.

Plasma cell myeloma with double M bands on Serum protein electrophoresis: A diagnostic conundrum?

Plasma cell myeloma (PCM) is a monoclonal gammopathy (MGM) characterized by proliferation of abnormal clone of plasma cells infiltrating the bone marrow with consequent end organ damage. The clonal plasma cells secrete a single clone of immunoglobulins (Ig) leading to presence of M-protein in the serum and/or urine. The M-protein is appreciated as a discrete band on serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) in the gamma globulin region, also called the M-band.

Gastric outlet obstruction as an unusual presentation of metastatic breast carcinoma.

Gastrointestinal (GI) metastasis from breast carcinoma is a rare occurrence. If metastasis occurs to the stomach/duodenum, it can present with symptoms of gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). Hence, it clinically mimics a variety of benign as well as malignant causes of GOO, including primary malignancy.

Invasive cystic hypersecretory carcinoma of the breast.

Cystic hypersecretory carcinoma (CHC) of the breast is a rare variant of ductal carcinoma, characterized by variably sized cysts lined by micropapillary fronds to proliferative pseudostratified columnar epithelium. It includes a spectrum of morphological features ranging from clearly benign cystic hypersecretory hyperplasia (CHH), CHH with atypia to invasive CHC. Only 20 cases of invasive CHC have been reported to date.

Alveolar soft part sarcoma: A case report and review of the literature.

Alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rarely diagnosed tumour of deep soft tissue origin. This tumour is more common in adolescents and young adults and has a slowly progressive clinical course, which often leads to delayed diagnosis and treatment. It is highly vascular, can be confused with other entities like haemangiomas and arteriovenous malformations clinically and radiologically and is thus challenging to report on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).

Intussusception in a child with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: a remarkable presentation with literature review - a case report.

Background: Gastrointestinal complications are not uncommon in patients of Acute Leukemia. Intussusception as a complication in leukemia, although described, is exceedingly rare. Also, it is usually seen after chemotherapy and not as a part of the native disease process.

Differentiating Biliary Atresia From Idiopathic Neonatal Hepatitis: A Novel Keratin 7 Based Mathematical Approach on Liver Biopsies.

Background And Aims: Differentiating biliary atresia (BA) from idiopathic neonatal hepatitis (INH) is vital in routine pediatric practice. However, on liver biopsy, few cases offer a diagnostic challenge to discriminate these entities with certainty. Bile ductular reaction (DR), intermediate hepatobiliary cells (IHBC) and extra-portal ductules (EPD) indicate progenitor cell activation, as a response to various hepatic insults.

Atypical Presentation of Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum in Two Siblings from North India.

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a rare hereditary disorder occurring due to metabolic defect in the liver and manifesting predominantly in the skin, eyes and arteries. It shows characteristic yellowish papules on the skin around the nape of neck along with looseness of skin over flexural surfaces. PXE shows marked phenotypic heterogeneity.

Solitary adult xanthogranuloma in external auditory canal: Cyto-histopathological correlation of an uncommon entity at an uncommon site.

Juvenile xanthogranulomas (JXG) are the most common type of self-limiting non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) usually presenting in infancy and early childhood. Clinically, they present as solitary to multiple rounded cutaneous nodules which resolve over time. Adult type xanthogranulomas (AXG), though histologically similar to JXG, are usually single and do not regress spontaneously.

Utility of cytomorphology in distinguishing solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of pancreas from pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with emphasis on nuclear folds and nuclear grooves.

Background: Pancreatic solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPN) and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (Pan-NET) have close resemblance on imaging and cytomorphology, though they differ in their prognosis and treatment strategy. SPNs are low-grade indolent tumors while Pan-NETs harbor malignant potential with propensity to metastasize. We aim to differentiate SPN from Pan-NET based on cyto-morphology; to classify nuclear membrane (NM) irregularities or nuclear folds into four grades and see whether they bear any difference with respect to the two entities.

Desmoplastic nested spindle cell tumours and nested stromal epithelial tumours of the liver.

Desmoplastic nested spindle cell tumour of liver (DNSTL), nested stromal-epithelial tumour (NSET) and calcifying nested stromal-epithelial tumour (CNSET) are recently described entities with similar morphology, immunohistochemistry and molecular genetics. These are rare entities with only three large case series described till date. These tumours commonly present in the paediatric age group.

Characterization of Toll-like receptor transcriptome in squamous cell carcinoma of cervix: A case-control study.

Objective: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a proven etiological agent for cervical cancer However, not all HPV infections result in cervical cancer. The mechanisms of host immune system to prevent/control HPV infection remain poorly understood. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a system of innate immune defense.