Highly alignment tolerant and high-sensitivity 100Gb/s (4 × 25Gb/s) APD-ROSA with a thin-film filter-based de-multiplexer.

We investigate and demonstrate a 100-Gb/s (4x25-Gb/s) receiver optical sub-assembly (ROSA) based on avalanche photodiodes and a thin-film filter-based de-multiplexer. The overall alignment tolerances of the ROSA are relaxed to have larger than ± 25 μm by improving optical coupling structure. The receiver sensitivity of each lane is also measured to be less than -22.

Measuring outcome in cocaine clinical trials: a comparison of sweat patches with urine toxicology and participant self-report.

Aims: To evaluate the advantages of using a sweat patch (PharmCheck) for detecting cocaine abuse in cocaine-dependent patients participating in a clinical trial. The utility of the sweat patch was assessed from the following perspectives: the reliability and validity of quantitative sweat patch results, the possible degradation of cocaine to benzoylecgonine (BE) as a function of the length of time that a patch is worn, the completeness of the dataset yielded by thrice-weekly urine toxicology compared with thrice-weekly and weekly sweat patches, and the relative costs associated with sweat patch versus urine measures.

Design: Data were collected during a 10-week out-patient clinical trial in which participants wore two sweat patches, one applied every visit and one applied weekly.