Deciphering Reaction Products in Formamidine-Based Perovskites with Methylammonium Chloride Additive.

The fabrication of formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) involves the addition of methylammonium chloride (MACl) to promote low-temperature α-phase formation and grain growth. However, as the added MACl deprotonates and volatilizes into methylamine (MA) and HCl for removal, MA can chemically interact with formamidinium (FA), forming methyl formamidinium (MFA) as a byproduct. Despite its significance, the chemical interactions among FAPbI perovskites, MACl additives, and their byproducts remain poorly understood.

Ion slippage through Li-centered G-quadruplex.

Single-ion conductors have garnered attention in energy storage systems as a promising alternative to currently widespread electrolytes that allow migration of cations and anions. However, ion transport phenomena of most single-ion conductors are affected by strong ion (e.g.

Extreme Enhancement of Carbon Hydrogasification via Mechanochemistry.

Carbon hydrogasification is the slowest reaction among all carbon-involved small-molecule transformations. Here, we demonstrate a mechanochemical method that results in both a faster reaction rate and a new synthesis route. The reaction rate was dramatically enhanced by up to 4 orders of magnitude compared to the traditional thermal method.